玉帶鳳蝶(學名:Papilio polytes,英文俗名:Common Mormon,別名:白帶鳳蝶、縞鳳蝶),是屬於鳳蝶科的一種蝴蝶,是鳳蝶屬的一種。廣泛分佈於東洋界,包括青藏高原及印度至華東及東南亞一帶。模式產地為中國南部[1]。
Quick Facts 玉帶鳳蝶, 保護狀況 ...
玉帶鳳蝶
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訪花
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吸水
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科學分類
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界:
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動物界 Animalia
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門:
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節肢動物門 Arthropoda
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綱:
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昆蟲綱 Insecta
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目:
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鱗翅目 Lepidoptera
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總科:
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鳳蝶總科 Papilionoidea
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科:
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鳳蝶科 Papilionidae
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屬:
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鳳蝶屬 Papilio
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種:
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玉帶鳳蝶 P. polytes
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二名法
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Papilio polytes
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亞種
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共有22個亞種,詳閱正文。
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異名
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- Papilio astyanax
Fabricius, 1793
- Papilio hector
de Haan, 1840
- Papilio walkeri
Janson, 1879
- Papilio depicta
Fruhstorfer, 1908
- Papilio ocha
Fruhstorfer, 1908
- Papilio polytes passienus
Fruhstorfer, 1909
- Papilio polytes falcidius
Fruhstorfer, 1909
- Papilio polytes ab. chrysos
Boullet & Le Cerf, 1912
- Papilio ab. inaequalis
Murayama, 1958
- Papilio ab. nubes
Murayama, 1958
- Papilio abdulasizia
Tung, 1982
- Papilio chalcas
Fabricius, 1938
- Papilio polytes ♂-ab. magicus
Murayama, 1959
- Papilio obscurus
Chou, Yuan, Wang, 2000
- Menelaides polytes
Page & Treadaway, 2003
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Close
成蟲全年可見,飛行緩慢,愛訪花。雄雌異形,有些雌蝶的外型為貝氏擬態其他有毒的蝶種,以逃避天敵捕食。幼蟲的寄主為芸香科植物[2]。
軀體黑褐色,胸部側面有白色斑點;腹部側面有兩條縱走白色細線,腹面亦有一條縱走白色細線。前翅翅頂渾圓;後翅外緣波狀,M3脈末端有一葉狀尾突。雄蝶翅背面底色黑褐色,前翅外緣有一列黃白色斑點;後翅中央有一黃白色斜帶。翅腹面的斑紋與翅背面類似。[2]
雄雌異形,雌蝶外型有多態性,「白帶型」(f. mandane)色彩斑紋類似雄蝶,只是後翅白帶通常較寬,臀區有紅斑的傾向也較明顯;「白斑型」(又名紅斑型 f. pammon)雌蝶前翅無黃白色斑點,而在外側有一大片淺色區域;後翅沿外緣有一列紅紋,翅中央另有數枚白斑或紅斑。白斑型被認為貝氏擬態另一種有毒的蝴蝶紅珠鳳蝶,以逃避天敵捕食。[2]
幼蟲取食寄主植物的葉片,牠的寄主為芸香科各屬植物,包括[4][5]:
More information 芸香科, 柑橘屬 ...
芸香科
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柑橘屬 |
花椒屬 |
黃皮屬
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- 柚子 C. grandis
- 金柑 C. japonica
- 黎檬 C. limonia
- 橙 C. × sinensis
- 橘 C. reticulata
- 枳 C. trifoliata
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- 食茱萸 Z. ailanthoides
- 簕欓花椒 Z. avicennae
- 兩面針 Z. nitidum
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- 假黃皮 C. excavata
- 黃皮 C. lansium
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飛龍掌血屬 |
烏柑屬
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飛龍掌血 Toddalia asiatica |
烏柑 Severinia buxifolia
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木桔屬各種 |
酒餅簕屬各種 |
山小桔屬各種
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Aegle spp. |
Atalantia spp. |
Glycosmis spp.
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小芸木屬各種 |
九里香屬各種 |
單葉藤桔屬各種
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Micromelum spp. |
Murraya spp. |
Paramignya spp.
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吳茱萸屬各種 |
香吉果屬各種
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Tetradium spp. |
Triphasia spp.
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一年多代。全年四季可見。出沒於海拔0-2000米地區的常綠闊葉林、常綠闊葉灌叢、海岸林和都市林。飛行緩慢、優雅,常在花叢上覓食。雄蝶有吸水習性[2][6]。
- - 指名亞種,分佈於中國各地、台灣及中南半島[7]
- P. p. romulus Cramer, [1775]
- - 分佈於印度及斯里蘭卡至緬甸[8]
- P. p. alphenor Cramer, [1776][9]
- P. p. theseus Cramer, [1777]
- - 分佈於印尼蘇門答臘及婆羅洲[10]
- P. p. ledebouria Eschscholtz, 1821
- - 菲律賓亞種,分佈於菲律賓[11]
- P. p. nikobarus Felder, 1862
- - 分佈於印度尼科巴群島[12]
- P. p. javanus Felder, 1862
- - 分佈於印尼蘇門答臘南部、爪哇島、勿里洞島、峇里島及邦加島[12]
- P. p. alcindor Oberthür, 1879
- - 分佈於印尼蘇拉威西島、布頓島及塞拉亞島[13]
- P. p. timorensis C. & R. Felder, 1864
- - 分佈於印尼勒蒂群島、巴巴群島、帝汶島及韋塔島[14]
- P. p. nicanor C. & R. Felder, 1865
- - 分佈於印尼摩羅泰島、哈馬黑拉島、德那第、巴占群島及奧比群島[14]
- P. p. mandane Rothschild, 1895
- - 海南亞種,分佈於中國海南[3][15]
- P. p. perversus Rothschild, 1895
- - 分佈於印尼塔勞群島及桑格島[15]
- P. p. polycritos Fruhstorfer, 1902
- - 分佈於印尼蘇拉群島及邦蓋島[16]
- P. p. messius Fruhstorfer, 1909
- - 分佈於印尼龍目島[17]
- P. p. vigellius Fruhstorfer, 1909
- - 分佈於印尼巴韋安島[17]
- P. p. pasikrates Fruhstorfer, 1908
- - 台灣亞種,分佈於台灣及菲律賓巴坦群島[3][18]
- P. p. sotira Jordan, 1909
- - 分佈於印尼松巴哇島[19]
- P. p. tucanus Jordan, 1909
- - 分佈於印尼圖康伯西群島[19]
- P. p. stichioides Evans, 1927
- - 分佈於印度安達曼群島南部[20]
- P. p. rubidimacula Talbot, 1932
- - 分佈於中國雲南及西藏[21]
- P. p. steffi (Page & Treadaway, 2003)
- - 分佈於菲律賓塔威塔威省[22]
- P. p. liujidongi Huang, 2003
- - 分佈於中國雲南[23]
- 紅珠鳳蝶 Pachliopta aristolochiae
- 白紋鳳蝶 Papilio helenus
Linnaeus, 1758; Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Clases, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Symonymis, Locis. Tomis I. 10th Edition Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 460
Chou, 1994. Monografia Rhopalocerorum Sinensium 1: 134-137 (簡體中文)
Corbet & Pendlebury, 1992. The butterflies of the Malay Peninsula. Fourth Edition revised by J. N. Eliot with plates by Bernard D'Abrera Butterflies Malay Peninsula (4th edn) : 69, pl. 3, f. 13-14
C. & R. Felder, 1862; Observationes de Lepidoteris nonullis Chinae centralis et Japoniae Wien. ent. Monats. 6 (1): 22
Cramer, [1775]; Uitlandsche Kapellen (Papillons exotiques) Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): 67, pl. 43, f. A
Cramer, [1776]; Uitlandsche Kapellen (Papillons exotiques) Uitl. Kapellen 1 (8): 141, pl. 90, f. B
Cramer, [1777]; Uitlandsche Kapellen (Papillons exotiques) Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): 128, pl. 180
Eschscholtz, 1821; Beschreibung neuer ausländischer Schmetterling in Kotzebue, Entdeck. Reise Süd-See 3 (App. 5): 206, pl. 3, f. 7
Oberthür, 1879; Catalogue raisonné des Papilionidae de la Collection de Ch. Oberthür Étud. d'Ent. 4: 48, 113, pl. 6, f. 4
C. & R. Felder, 1864; Species Lepidopterum, hucusque descriptae vel iconibus expressae, in seriem systematicam digestae 1. Papilionidae Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 14 (3): 319
Rothschild, 1895; A revision of the Papilios of the Eastern Hemisphere, exclusive of Africa Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 348, 353
Fruhstorfer, 1902; Neue Indo-Australische Lepidopteren Dt. ent. Z. Iris 14(2): 343
Fruhstorfer, 1909; Neue asiatische Papilio-Rassen Ent. Zs. 22 (43): 178
Murayama & Shimonoya, 1963; On some interesting butterflies from Formosa, with descriptions of 2 new species, 2 new races, and 7 new aberrant forms [in Japanese] Tyô to Ga 13 (3) (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) : 58, f. 29-30;
Jordan, 1909; in Seitz, Grossschm. Erde 9: 61, 62
Evans, 1927; Identification of Indian Butteflies (ed. 1) Indian Butterflies (ed. 1): 32
Talbot, 1932; New forms of Lepidoptera from the Oriental Region Bull. Hill. Mus. 4: 155
Page & Treadaway, 2003; Descriptions of New Subspecies and Changes in Classification in Bauer & Frankenbach, Butterflies of the world, Suppl. 8: (1-6)
Huang, 2003; A list of butterflies collected from Nujiang (Lou Tse Kiang) and Dulongiang, China with descriptions of new species, and revisional notes Neue Ent. Nachr. 55 (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館): 45, pl. 4, f. 7-10
- Fabricius, J.C.,1793 : Entomologia systematica emedata et aucta. secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, adjectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. 3(1): [iv] + 488 pp. Copenhagen. C.G.Proft.
- Hubner, J.,1806-[1819] : Sammlung Exotischer Schmetterlinge. 1:[213] pls.
- Oberthur, C.,1886 : Especes nouveaux Lepidopteres du Thibet. Etud. ent. 11:1-38, pls.1-7.
- Wynter-Blyth, 1957. Butterflies of the Indian Region (1982 Reprint), 392
- 周堯. 中国蝴蝶原色图鉴. 中國: 河南科學技術出版社. 1999-10-01. ISBN 9787534923043 (中文(繁體)).
- Page & Treadaway, 2003. Papilionidae of the Philippine Islands Butterflies of the world, 17: 9
近期研究
- Varija Raghu, S., & Thamankar, R. (2020). A Comparative Study of Crystallography and Defect Structure of Corneal Nipple Array in Daphnis nerii Moth and Papilio polytes Butterfly Eye. ACS Omega.
- Ômura, H., Noguchi, T., & Ohta, S. (2020). The male swallowtail butterfly, Papilio polytes, uses cuticular hydrocarbons for mate discrimination. Animal Behaviour, 170, 133-145.