駝螽科 （學名 ：Rhaphidophoridae ），又稱穴螽科 ，俗稱灶馬 、灶馬蟋蟀 ，是一種屬於直翅目 劍尾亞目 的昆蟲 ，有說法表示成語「蛛絲馬跡」之中的馬即指灶馬。[ 1]
Quick Facts 灶馬, 科學分類 ...
灶馬
一隻種類未知的灶馬
科學分類
界：
動物界 Animalia
門：
節肢動物門 Arthropoda
綱：
昆蟲綱 Insecta
目：
直翅目 Orthoptera
亞目：
劍尾亞目 Ensifera
總科：
駝螽總科 RhaphidophoroideaWalker , 1869
科：
駝螽科 Rhaphidophoridae Walker , 1869
異名
Raphidophorae
Raphidophoridae
Rhaphidophorae
Close
駱駝蟋蟀
體長約18.5至21.5公厘，雌性若算入腹部後端的產卵管 則為12.0至23.0公厘；與其他灶馬科昆蟲一樣，即使是成蟲也沒有翅膀 。最大的特徵就是擁有極長的觸角 ，甚至可達到體長的3倍以上；由於牠屬於不完全變態 昆蟲，因此幼蟲外表除了在第1至3節身體下有著大量剛毛 外與成蟲相同。
駝螽科包括以下屬：
Adiestramima Gorochov, 1998
Aemodogryllus Adelung, 1902
Allotachycines Sugimoto & Ichikawa, 2003
Alpinanoplophilus Ishikawa, 1993
Ammobaenetes Hubbell, 1936
Anargyrtes Hubbell, 1972
Anoplophilus Karny, 1931
Anoplophilus acuticercus Karny, 1931Anoplophilus amagisanus Ishikawa, 2002Anoplophilus befui Ishikawa, 2002Anoplophilus esakii Furukawa, 1938Anoplophilus hakusanus Ishikawa, 2002Anoplophilus hasegawai Ishikawa, 2002Anoplophilus hyonosenensis Ishikawa, 2002Anoplophilus koreanus Storozhenko & Paik, 2010[ 2] Anoplophilus major Ishikawa, 2002Anoplophilus minor Ishikawa, 2002Anoplophilus ohbayashii Ishikawa, 2002Anoplophilus okadai Ishikawa, 2002Anoplophilus otariensis Ishikawa, 2002Anoplophilus shikokuensis Ishikawa, 2002Anoplophilus takaishii Ishikawa, 2015Anoplophilus tominagai Ishikawa, 2002Anoplophilus tosaensis Ishikawa, 2002Anoplophilus tsurugisanus Ishikawa, 2002Anoplophilus utsugidakensis Ishikawa, 2002Anoplophilus wakuiae Ishikawa, 2002 Arboramima Zong, Qin & He, 2021
Argyrtes Saussure & Pictet, 1897
Atachycines Furukawa, 1933
Australotettix Richards, 1964
Cavernotettix Richards, 1966
Certhothilus
Ceuthophilus Scudder, 1862
Daihinia Haldeman, 1850
Daihinibaenetes Tinkham, 1962
Daihiniella Hubbell, 1936
Daihiniodes Hebard, 1929
Dendroplectron Richards, 1964
Diarhaphidophora Gorochov, 2012
Diestramima Storozhenko, 1990
Diestrammena Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888
Dolichopoda Bolívar, 1880
Euhadenoecus Hubbell, 1978
Eurhaphidophora Gorochov, 1999
Eutachycines Storozhenko, 1990
Exochodrilus Hubbell, 1972
Farallonophilus Rentz, 1972
Gammarotettix Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888
Gigantettix Gorochov, 1998
Gymnaeta Adelung, 1902
Gymnaetoides Qin, Liu & Li, 2017
Hadenoecus Scudder, 1862
Hemitachycines Storozhenko, 1990
Hemiudeopsylla Saussure & Pictet, 1897
Heteromallus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888
Homotachycines Zhu & Shi, 2022
Hypsobadistes Hubbell, 1977
Insulanoplectron Richards, 1970
Ischyroplectron Hutton, 1896
Isoplectron Hutton, 1896
Leodiestramima Storozhenko, 2009
Leptargyrtes Hubbell, 1972
Machamata
Macrobaenetes Tinkham, 1962
Macropathus Walker, 1869
Maotoweta Johns & Cook, 2014
Megadiestramima Storozhenko & Gorochov, 1992
巨疾灶螽屬 Megatachycines Zhu, Shi & Zhou, 2022
Micropathus Richards, 1964
Microtachycines Gorochov, 1992
Mimadiestra Storozhenko & Dawwrueng, 2014
Mimadiestra biloba Storozhenko & Dawwrueng, 2014Mimadiestra dicha Zhu, Wu & Shi, 2018Mimadiestra gracila Zhu, Wu & Shi, 2018Mimadiestra sirindhornae Dawwrueng, Storozhenko & Artchawakom, 2016[ 3] Minirhaphidophora Gorochov, 2002
Miotopus Hutton, 1898
Neonetus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888
Neorhaphidophora Gorochov, 1999
Neotachycines Sugimoto & Ichikawa, 2003
Notoplectron Richards, 1964
Novoplectron Richards, 1958
Novotettix Richards, 1966
Orphanotettix Sugimoto & Ichikawa, 2003
Pachyrhamma Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888
Pallidoplectron Richards, 1958
Pallidotettix Richards, 1968
Paradiestrammena Chopard, 1919
Paraneonetus Salmon, 1948
Pararhaphidophora Gorochov, 1999
副疾灶螽屬 Paratachycines Storozhenko, 1990
Parudenus Enderlein, 1910
Parvotettix Richards, 1968
Petrotettix Richards, 1972
Pharmacus Pictet & Saussure, 1893
Phoberopus Saussure & Pictet, 1897
Phrixocnemis Scudder, 1894
Pleioplectron Hutton, 1896
Pristoceuthophilus Rehn, 1903
Prorhaphidophora Chopard, 1936
Protroglophilus Gorochov, 1989
Pseudotachycines Qin, Liu & Li, 2017
Rhachocnemis Caudell, 1916
Rhaphidophora Serville, 1838
Rhaphidophora abramovi Gorochov, 2012Rhaphidophora acutelaminata Chopard, 1916Rhaphidophora amboinensis Karny, 1930Rhaphidophora angulata Ingrisch, 2002Rhaphidophora angustifrons Chopard, 1940Rhaphidophora arsentiji Gorochov, 2002Rhaphidophora baeri Bolívar, 1890Rhaphidophora banarensis Gorochov, 1999Rhaphidophora baronciniturricchiae Di Russo & Rampini, 2017 Rhaphidophora beccarii Griffini, 1908Rhaphidophora beta Karny, 1930Rhaphidophora bicornuta Karny, 1937Rhaphidophora bidoup Gorochov, 2012Rhaphidophora biprocera Bian, Zhu & Shi, 2017Rhaphidophora bokor Gorochov, 2012Rhaphidophora brevicauda Karny, 1924Rhaphidophora brevipes Karny, 1924Rhaphidophora caligulata Zacher, 1909Rhaphidophora cambodia Gorochov, 2012Rhaphidophora cavernicola Chopard, 1916Rhaphidophora chopardi Karny, 1924Rhaphidophora collina Gorochov, 2013Rhaphidophora complanatis Lu & Bian, 2022Rhaphidophora crassicornis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888Rhaphidophora curta Gorochov, 2013Rhaphidophora curup Gorochov, 2013Rhaphidophora dammermani Karny, 1924Rhaphidophora dehaani Karny, 1920Rhaphidophora deusta Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888Rhaphidophora digitata Lu & Bian, 2022Rhaphidophora doloduo Gorochov, 2013Rhaphidophora duxiu Lu & Bian, 2022Rhaphidophora exigua Gorochov, 2002Rhaphidophora fedorenkoi Gorochov, 2012Rhaphidophora furcifera Gorochov, 2013Rhaphidophora fusca Gorochov, 2012Rhaphidophora glenoides Qin, Wang & He, 2024[ 4] Rhaphidophora gracilis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888Rhaphidophora heterodentis Shen, Wang & He, 2024[ 4] Rhaphidophora hexagoniproctalis Wang, Di & He, 2024[ 4] Rhaphidophora iliai Gorochov, 2002Rhaphidophora imbricofurca Shen, Wang & He, 2024[ 4] Rhaphidophora impressa Wang, Qin & He, 2024[ 4] Rhaphidophora incilis Bian, Zhu & Shi, 2017Rhaphidophora indica Gorochov, 2013Rhaphidophora insularis Gorochov, 2013Rhaphidophora invalida Gorochov, 1999Rhaphidophora ivani Gorochov, 1999Rhaphidophora jambi Gorochov, 2002Rhaphidophora khmerica Gorochov, 2013Rhaphidophora kinabaluensis Karny, 1926Rhaphidophora lampung Gorochov, 2013Rhaphidophora lao Gorochov, 2012Rhaphidophora lobulata Gorochov, 2013Rhaphidophora longa Gorochov, 2002Rhaphidophora longicauda Ander, 1932Rhaphidophora longitabula Bian, Zhu & Shi, 2017Rhaphidophora lorelindu Gorochov, 2013Rhaphidophora loricata (Burmeister, 1838) Rhaphidophora magna Gorochov, 2012Rhaphidophora malayensis Gorochov, 1999Rhaphidophora mariae Gorochov, 1999Rhaphidophora marmorata Karny, 1924Rhaphidophora mindoro Gorochov, 2013Rhaphidophora minicauda Gorochov, 2013Rhaphidophora minuolamella Liu & Zhang, 2002Rhaphidophora mohanensis Lu & Bian, 2022Rhaphidophora mulmeinensis Chopard, 1916Rhaphidophora mutica Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888Rhaphidophora negaraensis Gorochov, 1999Rhaphidophora neglecta Karny, 1930Rhaphidophora obesa Karny, 1924Rhaphidophora obtuselaminata Karny, 1924Rhaphidophora oophaga Chopard, 1959Rhaphidophora pahangensis Gorochov, 1999Rhaphidophora pangrango Gorochov, 2002Rhaphidophora parvicauda Gorochov, 2013Rhaphidophora phusoy Gorochov, 2012Rhaphidophora ponapensis Vickery & Kevan, 1999Rhaphidophora pubescens Ander, 1932Rhaphidophora quadridentata Qin, Jiang, Liu & Li, 2018Rhaphidophora quadrispina Liu & Bian, 2021Rhaphidophora quadrula Bian, Zhu & Shi, 2017Rhaphidophora raoan Gorochov, 2012Rhaphidophora rasilis Gorochov, 2002Rhaphidophora rechingeri Holdhaus, 1909Rhaphidophora recta Gorochov, 2002Rhaphidophora rhombica Gorochov, 2012Rhaphidophora rhombifera Gorochov, 2013Rhaphidophora rongshuiensis Lu & Bian, 2022Rhaphidophora rufobrunnea Chopard, 1921Rhaphidophora sarasini Karny, 1931Rhaphidophora setiformis Qin, Jiang, Liu & Li, 2018Rhaphidophora shii Lu & Bian, 2022Rhaphidophora sichuanensis Liu & Zhang, 2002Rhaphidophora simillima Gorochov, 2012Rhaphidophora simulata Gorochov, 2013Rhaphidophora sinica Bey-Bienko, 1962Rhaphidophora songbaensis Gorochov, 1999Rhaphidophora spinifera Gorochov, 2013Rhaphidophora spinita Lu & Bian, 2022Rhaphidophora stenoterminata Zhang, Wang & He, 2024[ 4] Rhaphidophora stridulans Ingrisch, 2006Rhaphidophora taiwana Shiraki, 1930[ 2] Rhaphidophora tamanensis Gorochov, 1999Rhaphidophora testacea Ander, 1932Rhaphidophora thaiensis Gorochov, 1999Rhaphidophora trat Gorochov, 2012Rhaphidophora vangheua Gorochov, 2012Rhaphidophora vasiliji Gorochov, 1999Rhaphidophora vietensis Gorochov, 1999Rhaphidophora wasile Gorochov, 2013Rhaphidophora wuasa Gorochov, 2013Rhaphidophora wuzhishanensis Qin, Jiang, Liu & Li, 2018Rhaphidophora xishuang Gorochov, 2012 Salishella Hebard, 1939
Setascutum Richards, 1972
Sinorhaphidophora Qin, Jiang, Liu & Li, 2018
Spelaeiacris Péringuey, 1916
Speleotettix Chopard, 1944
Stonychophora Karny, 1934
Styracosceles Hubbell, 1936
疾灶螽屬 Tachycines Adelung, 1902
Talitropsis Bolívar, 1882
Tamdaotettix Gorochov, 1998
Tasmanoplectron Richards, 1971
Troglophilus Krauss, 1879
Tropidischia Scudder, 1862
Typhloceuthophilus Hubbell, 1940
Udenus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1900
Udeopsylla Scudder, 1862
Utabaenetes Tinkham, 1970
Do-Yoon Kim, Sangil Kim, Hojun Song and Seunggwan Shin. 2024. Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Wingless orthopteran Family Rhaphidophoridae. Communications Biology. 7: 401 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06068-x
Pattarawich Dawwrueng, Sergey Yu. Storozhenko and Taksin Artchawakom. 2016. Mimadiestra sirindhornae sp. nov. from Thailand (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae: Aemodogryllinae). The Thailand Natural History Museum Journal. 10(2); 61-66.
Mi Di, Yan-Yan Qin, Zi-Hao Shen, Tao Zhang, Han-Qiang Wang, Kai Li and Zhu-Qing He. 2024. Six New Species of Rhaphidophora from China (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae: Rhaphidophorinae). European Journal of Taxonomy. 925(1); 76–99. DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.925.2453
