長臂蝦科

長臂蝦科; 化石時期：白堊紀至現代 PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	佩德森清潔蝦（英語：Ancylomenes pedersoni）（Ancylomenes pedersoni）
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	節肢動物門 Arthropoda
亞門：	甲殼亞門 Crustacea
綱：	軟甲綱 Malacostraca
目：	十足目 Decapoda
亞目：	抱卵亞目 Pleocyemata
下目：	真蝦下目 Caridea
總科：	長臂蝦總科 Palaemonoidea
科：	長臂蝦科 Palaemonidae; Rafinesque, 1815
亞科
	長臂蝦亞科 Palaemoninae Rafinesque, 1815; 隱蝦亞科 Pontoniinae Kingsley, 1878;
異名
	擬貝隱蝦科 Anchistioididae; Gnathophyllidae; Hymenoceridae; Kakaducarididae; Palaemoninae;

長臂蝦科（學名：Palaemonidae）是十足目真蝦下目長臂蝦總科的一個科，以下有兩個亞科：長臂蝦亞科（Palaemoninae）和隱蝦亞科（Pontoniinae）。當中長臂蝦亞科的成員都是肉食者，以較小的無脊椎動物為食，除了深海以外，幾乎在所有水體均有發現。當中最重要的品種要數沼蝦屬（Macrobrachium），因為它包括多種極具商業價值的物種，例如：淡水長臂大蝦（M. rosenbergii）。隱蝦亞科的物種則棲居於珊瑚礁中，與許多無脊椎動物有互利共生、寄生或片利共生的關係，包括海綿、刺胞動物門^[1]、軟體動物門及棘皮動物門。本科物種包括日常在水體內為其他魚類吃掉其身上的寄生物和其他共生物的清潔蝦；雖然多半以碎屑為食，但也有少部分物種為肉食性並以獵食小動物維生。

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長臂蝦科之下有137個屬，950個種^[2]^[3]，分為以下兩個亞科^[4]^[5]：

長臂蝦亞科

長臂蝦亞科 Palaemoninae Rafinesque, 1815

†Alburnia Bravi & Garassino, 1998
Arachnochium Wowor & Ng, 2010
†Bechleja Houša, 1957
†Beurlenia Martins-Neto & Mezzalira, 1991
Brachycarpus Spence Bate, 1888
Coutierella Sollaud, 1914
Creaseria Holthuis, 1950
Cryphiops Dana, 1852
白蝦屬 Exopalaemon Holthuis, 1950
Leander E. Desmarest, 1849
Leandrites Holthuis, 1950
Leptocarpus Holthuis, 1950
沼蝦屬 Macrobrachium Bate, 1868
†Micropsalis von Meyer, 1859
Nematopalaemon Holthuis, 1950
Neopalaemon Hobbs, 1973
長臂蝦屬 Palaemon Weber, 1795
小長臂蝦屬 Palaemonetes Heller, 1869
†Propalaemon Woodward, 1903
†Pseudocaridinella Martins-Neto & Mezzalira, 1991
Pseudopalaemon Sollaud, 1911
Rhopalaemon Ashelby & De Grave, 2010
†Schmelingia Schweigert, 2002
Tenuipedium Wowor & Ng, 2010
Troglindicus Sankolli & Shenoy, 1979
Troglocubanus Holthuis, 1949
Troglomexicanus Villalobos, Alvarez & Iliffe, 1999
尾瘦蝦屬 Urocaridella Borradaile, 1915
†Yongjiacaris Garassino, Shen, Schram & Taylor, 2002

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隱蝦亞科

Pontoniinae Kingsley, 1879

Allopontonia Bruce, 1972
Altopontonia Bruce, 1990
Amphipontonia Bruce, 1991
Anapontonia Bruce, 1966
Anchiopontonia Bruce, 1992
Anchistus Borradaile, 1898
Ancylomenes Okuno & Bruce, 2010
Anisomenaeus Bruce, 2010
Apopontonia Bruce, 1976
Araiopontonia Fujino & Miyake, 1970
Ascidonia Fransen, 2002
Balssia Kemp, 1922
Blepharocaris Mitsuhashi & Chan, 2007
Brucecaris Marin & Chan, 2006
Bruceonia Fransen, 2002
Cainonia Bruce, 2005
Carinopontonia Bruce, 1988
Chacella Bruce, 1986
Chernocaris Johnson, 1967
Climeniperaeus Bruce, 1995
Colemonia Bruce, 2005
Conchodytes Peters, 1852
Coralliocaris Stimpson, 1860
Coutierea Nobili, 1901
Crinotonia Marin, 2006
Ctenopontonia Bruce, 1979
Cuapetes
Clark, 1919
- Cuapetes agag (Kemp, 1922)
- Cuapetes akiensis (Kubo, 1936)
- Cuapetes americanus (Kingsley, 1878)
- Cuapetes amymone (De Man, 1902)
- Cuapetes anacanthus (Bruce, 1988)
- Cuapetes andamanensis (Kemp, 1922)
- Cuapetes calmani (Tattersall, 1921)
- Cuapetes canariensis Fransen, Schubart & Moro, 2022
- Cuapetes darwiniensis (Bruce, 1987)
- Cuapetes demani (Kemp, 1915)
- Cuapetes edwardsii (Paul'son, 1875)
- Cuapetes elegans (Paul'son, 1875)
- Cuapetes ensifrons (Dana, 1852)
- Cuapetes grandis (Stimpson, 1860)
- Cuapetes johnsoni (Bruce, 1987)
- Cuapetes kororensis (Bruce, 1977)
- Cuapetes lacertae (Bruce, 1992)
- Cuapetes lanceolatus Okuno & Chan, 2012
- Cuapetes longirostris (Borradaile, 1915)
- Cuapetes nilandensis (Borradaile, 1915)^[6]
- Cuapetes paulsoni (Bruce, 2003)
- Cuapetes platycheles (Holthuis, 1952)
- Cuapetes purushothamani Jose, Ajith Kumar & Jayachandran, 2023
- Cuapetes rapanui (Fransen, 1987)
- Cuapetes seychellensis (Borradaile, 1915)
- Cuapetes suvadivensis (Borradaile, 1915)
- Cuapetes takedai Okuno, 2012
- Cuapetes tenuipes (Borradaile, 1898)
- Cuapetes uncinatus Bruce, 2012
- Cuapetes ungujaensis (Bruce, 1969)
- Cuapetes yapiensis Bruce, 2013
Dactylonia
Fransen, 2002^[7]
- Dactylonia anachoreta (Kemp, 1922)
- Dactylonia ascidicola (Borradaile, 1898)
- Dactylonia borradalei Bruce, 2005
- Dactylonia carinicula Bruce, 2006
- Dactylonia franseni Bruce, 2003
- Dactylonia holthuisi Fransen, 2002
- Dactylonia monnioti (Bruce, 1990)
- Dactylonia okai (Kemp, 1922)
Dasella Lebour, 1945
Dasycaris Kemp, 1922
Diapontonia Bruce, 1986
Epipontonia Bruce, 1977
Eupontonia Bruce, 1971
Exoclimenella Bruce, 1995
Exopontonia Bruce, 1988
Fennera Holthuis, 1951
Hamiger Borradaile, 1916
Hamodactyloides Fujino, 1973
鉤指蝦屬 Hamodactylus Holthuis, 1952
Hamopontonia Bruce, 1970
Harpiliopsis Borradaile, 1917
Harpilius Dana, 1852
Holthuisaeus Anker & De Grave, 2010
Ischnopontonia Bruce, 1966
Isopontonia Bruce, 1982
Izucaris Okuno, 1999
Jocaste Holthuis, 1952
Laomenes Clark, 1919
Leptomenaeus Bruce, 2007
Lipkebe Chace, 1969
Lipkemenes Bruce & Okuno, 2010
Manipontonia Bruce, Okuno & Li, 2005
Margitonia Bruce, 2007
Mesopontonia Bruce, 1967
Metapontonia
Bruce, 1967
- Metapontonia fungiacola Bruce, 1967
- Metapontonia scorpio Duris & C.-W.Lin, 2016^[8]
Miopontonia
Bruce, 1985
- Miopontonia yongei Bruce, 1985
Neoanchistus Bruce, 1975
Neoclimenes Mitsuhashi, Li & Chan, 2010
Neopericlimenes Heard, Spotte & Bubucis, 1993
Neopontonides Holthuis, 1951
Nippontonia
Bruce & Bauer, 1997
- Nippontonia ashmoreiensis Bruce, 2014
- Nippontonia ashmoriensis
- Nippontonia christellae Fransen, 2013^[9]
- Nippontonia minirostris Bruce & Bauer, 1997
Notopontonia
Bruce, 1991
- Notopontonia platycheles Bruce, 1991
Odontonia
Fransen, 2002
- Odontonia bagginsi de Gier & Fransen, 2018
- Odontonia compacta (Bruce, 1996)
- Odontonia katoi (Kubo, 1940)
- Odontonia kerangcaris Fransen, Groenhof & Gier, 2021^[10]
- Odontonia plurellicola de Gier & Fransen, 2018
- Odontonia rufopunctata Fransen, 2002
- Odontonia seychellensis Fransen, 2002
- Odontonia sibogae (Bruce, 1972)
- Odontonia simplicipes (Bruce, 1996)
Onycocaridella Bruce, 1981
Onycocaridites Bruce, 1987
Onycocaris Nobili, 1904
Onycomenes Bruce, 2009
Orthopontonia Bruce, 1982
擬長臂蝦屬 Palaemonella Dana, 1852
Paraclimenaeus Bruce, 1988
Paraclimenes Bruce, 1995
Paranchistus Holthuis, 1952
Paratypton Balss, 1914
Patonia Mitsuhashi & Chan, 2006
小岩蝦屬 Periclimenaeus Borradaile, 1915
Periclimenella Bruce, 1995
岩蝦屬 Periclimenes O. G. Costa, 1844
Periclimenoides Bruce, 1990
Philarius Holthuis, 1952
Phycomenes Bruce, 2008
Pinnotheronia Marin & Paulay, 2010
Platycaris Holthuis, 1952
Platypontonia
Bruce, 1968
- Platypontonia brevirostris (Miers, 1884)
- Platypontonia hyotis Hipeau-Jacquotte, 1971
- Platypontonia ngae Fransen, 2024^[11]
Plesiomenaeus
Bruce, 2009
- Plesiomenaeus poorei Bruce, 2009
Plesiopontonia
Bruce, 1985
- Plesiopontonia monodi Bruce, 1985
Pliopontonia Bruce, 1973
Pontonia Latreille, 1829
Pontonides Borradaile, 1917
Pontoniopsides Bruce, 2005
Pontoniopsis Borradaile, 1915
Poripontonia Fransen, 2003
Propontonia Bruce, 1969
Pseudoclimenes Bruce, 2008
Pseudocoutierea Holthuis, 1951
Pseudopontonia Bruce, 1992
Pseudopontonides Heard, 1986
Pseudoveleronia Marin, 2008
Rapipontonia Marin, 2007
Rostronia Fransen, 2002
Sandimenes Li, 2009
Sandyella Marin, 2009
蓋隱蝦屬 Stegopontonia Nobili, 1906
Tectopontonia Bruce, 1973
Thaumastocaris Kemp, 1922
Tuleariocaris Hipeau-Jacquotte, 1965
Typton O. G. Costa, 1844
Typtonoides Bruce, 2010
Typtonychus Bruce, 1996
Unguicaris Marin & Chan, 2006
Urocaris Stimpson, 1860
Veleronia Holthuis, 1951
Veleroniopsis Gore, 1981
Vir Holthuis, 1952
Waldola Holthuis, 1951
Yemenicaris Bruce, 1997
Zenopontonia
Bruce, 1975^[12]
- Zenopontonia noverca (Kemp, 1922)
- 帝王蝦 Zenopontonia rex (Kemp, 1922)，同模異名：Periclimenes rex Kemp, 1922

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[1]
Bos AR, Hoeksema BW. Cryptobenthic fishes and co-inhabiting shrimps associated with the mushroom coral Heliofungia actiniformis (Fungiidae) in the Davao Gulf, Philippines. Environmental Biology of Fishes. 2015, 98 (6): 1479–1489. doi:10.1007/s10641-014-0374-0.
[2]
Shane T. Ahyong, James K. Lowry, Miguel Alonso, Roger N. Bamber, Geoffrey A. Boxshall, Peter Castro, Sarah Gerken, Gordan S. Karaman, Joseph W. Goy, Diana S. Jones, Kenneth Meland, D. Christopher Rogers & Jörundur Svavarsson. Subphylum Crustacea Brünnich, 1772. Z.-Q. Zhang (編). Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness (PDF) 3148. 2011: 165–191 [2013-02-05]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2021-05-06）（英語）. |journal=被忽略 (幫助)
[3]
Sammy De Grave, N. Dean Pentcheff, Shane T. Ahyong; et al. A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 2009,. Suppl. 21: 1–109 [2013-02-05]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2011-06-06）.
[4]
Sammy De Grave. Palaemoninae. WoRMS. 2012 [2012-06-01].
[5]
Charles Fransen & Sammy De Grave. Pontoniinae. WoRMS. 2012 [2012-06-01].
[6]
Ivan Marin and Sergey Sinelnikov. 2016. Partial Redescription of Pontoniine Shrimps Cuapetes nilandensis (Borradaile, 1915) and Cuapetes seychellensis (Borradaile, 1915) (Decapoda: Palaemonidae: Pontoniinae) with Remarks on Taxonomic Status of Cuapetes Clark, 1919 and Kemponia Bruce, 2004. Zootaxa. 4173(6) DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4173.6.3
[7]
Fransen, C.H.J.M. (2002). Taxonomy, phylogeny, historical biogeography, and historical ecology of the genus Pontonia Latreille (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Palaemonidae). Zoologische Verhande lingen. 336: 1-433.
[8]
Zdeněk Ďuriš and Chia-Wei Lin. 2016. The 『Scorpion Shrimp』, A New Species of the Genus Metapontonia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae) from Taiwan, with New Generic Record from Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa. 4138(3) DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4138.3.3
[9]
Fransen,C. H.J.M. 2013. A New Species of the Sponge-associated Pontoniine Shrimp Genus Nippontonia Bruce & Bauer, 1997 (Decapoda, Caridea, Palaemonidae) from Sabah, Malaysia. Zootaxa. 3694(4): 343–357. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3694.4.3
[10]
Charles H.J.M. Fransen, Mike Groenhof and Werner de Gier. 2021. Odontonia kerangcaris sp. nov., A New Bivalve-associated Shrimp (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) from East Kalimantan, revealing Intrageneric Host Switching. Zootaxa. 5081(2); 275-285. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5081.2.6
[11]
Charles H.J.M. Fransen. 2024. Platypontonia ngae sp. nov., A New symbiotic Shrimp (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) living inside a boring gastrochaenid bivalve mollusk from the Philippines. Zootaxa. 5476(1); 89-98. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5476.1.11
[12]
Bruce, A. J. (1975). Notes on some Indo-Pacific Pontoniinae, XXV. Further observations upon Periclimenes noverca Kemp, 1922, with the designation of a new genus Zenopontonia, and some remarks upon Periclimenes parasiticus Borradaile (Decapoda Natantia, Palaemonidae). Crustaceana. 28: 275-285.

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[1] [1]
Bos AR, Hoeksema BW. Cryptobenthic fishes and co-inhabiting shrimps associated with the mushroom coral Heliofungia actiniformis (Fungiidae) in the Davao Gulf, Philippines. Environmental Biology of Fishes. 2015, 98 (6): 1479–1489. doi:10.1007/s10641-014-0374-0.

[2] [2]
Shane T. Ahyong, James K. Lowry, Miguel Alonso, Roger N. Bamber, Geoffrey A. Boxshall, Peter Castro, Sarah Gerken, Gordan S. Karaman, Joseph W. Goy, Diana S. Jones, Kenneth Meland, D. Christopher Rogers & Jörundur Svavarsson. Subphylum Crustacea Brünnich, 1772. Z.-Q. Zhang (編). Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness (PDF) 3148. 2011: 165–191 [2013-02-05]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2021-05-06）（英語）. |journal=被忽略 (幫助)

[Grave-3] [3]
Sammy De Grave, N. Dean Pentcheff, Shane T. Ahyong; et al. A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 2009,. Suppl. 21: 1–109 [2013-02-05]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2011-06-06）.

[4] [4]
Sammy De Grave. Palaemoninae. WoRMS. 2012 [2012-06-01].

[WoRMS_148530-5] [5]
Charles Fransen & Sammy De Grave. Pontoniinae. WoRMS. 2012 [2012-06-01].

[6] [6]
Ivan Marin and Sergey Sinelnikov. 2016. Partial Redescription of Pontoniine Shrimps Cuapetes nilandensis (Borradaile, 1915) and Cuapetes seychellensis (Borradaile, 1915) (Decapoda: Palaemonidae: Pontoniinae) with Remarks on Taxonomic Status of Cuapetes Clark, 1919 and Kemponia Bruce, 2004. Zootaxa. 4173(6) DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4173.6.3

[7] [7]
Fransen, C.H.J.M. (2002). Taxonomy, phylogeny, historical biogeography, and historical ecology of the genus Pontonia Latreille (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Palaemonidae). Zoologische Verhande lingen. 336: 1-433.

[8] [8]
Zdeněk Ďuriš and Chia-Wei Lin. 2016. The 『Scorpion Shrimp』, A New Species of the Genus Metapontonia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae) from Taiwan, with New Generic Record from Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa. 4138(3) DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4138.3.3

[9] [9]
Fransen,C. H.J.M. 2013. A New Species of the Sponge-associated Pontoniine Shrimp Genus Nippontonia Bruce & Bauer, 1997 (Decapoda, Caridea, Palaemonidae) from Sabah, Malaysia. Zootaxa. 3694(4): 343–357. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3694.4.3

[10] [10]
Charles H.J.M. Fransen, Mike Groenhof and Werner de Gier. 2021. Odontonia kerangcaris sp. nov., A New Bivalve-associated Shrimp (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) from East Kalimantan, revealing Intrageneric Host Switching. Zootaxa. 5081(2); 275-285. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5081.2.6

[11] [11]
Charles H.J.M. Fransen. 2024. Platypontonia ngae sp. nov., A New symbiotic Shrimp (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) living inside a boring gastrochaenid bivalve mollusk from the Philippines. Zootaxa. 5476(1); 89-98. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5476.1.11

[12] [12]
Bruce, A. J. (1975). Notes on some Indo-Pacific Pontoniinae, XXV. Further observations upon Periclimenes noverca Kemp, 1922, with the designation of a new genus Zenopontonia, and some remarks upon Periclimenes parasiticus Borradaile (Decapoda Natantia, Palaemonidae). Crustaceana. 28: 275-285.

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長臂蝦科

長臂蝦亞科

隱蝦亞科

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長臂蝦科

長臂蝦亞科

隱蝦亞科

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參考資料

長臂蝦科化石時期：白堊紀至現代 PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N

佩德森清潔蝦（英語：Ancylomenes pedersoni）（Ancylomenes pedersoni）
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	節肢動物門 Arthropoda
亞門：	甲殼亞門 Crustacea
綱：	軟甲綱 Malacostraca
目：	十足目 Decapoda
亞目：	抱卵亞目 Pleocyemata
下目：	真蝦下目 Caridea
總科：	長臂蝦總科 Palaemonoidea
科：	長臂蝦科 Palaemonidae Rafinesque, 1815
亞科
長臂蝦亞科 Palaemoninae Rafinesque, 1815 隱蝦亞科 Pontoniinae Kingsley, 1878
異名
擬貝隱蝦科 Anchistioididae Gnathophyllidae Hymenoceridae Kakaducarididae Palaemoninae