心靈感應

心靈感應（telepathy）意為「遠距（tele-）感應（-pathy）」，是指不藉助任何感官或物理途徑，將訊息傳遞給另一個人的現象或能力；在報導中，這些訊息往往被描述為和普通感官接收的訊息相同。該詞由F. W. H. 梅耶爾（英語：Frederic William Henry Myers）1882年所創^[1]，又譯作心電感應。在中華文化中稱所屬神通為他心通或心有靈犀。

一個經典的心靈感應事例是中國元代著名典籍《二十四孝》中的「齧指痛心」，其中寫道：孔子的弟子曾參入山打柴，家裡來了客人，母親不知所措，就用牙咬自己的手指。曾參忽然覺得心疼，背起柴迅速返回家中，跪問緣故。母親說：「有客人忽然到來，我咬手指讓你知道。」曾子很孝順，因此對母親痛苦有著很強的感知力。後人也以詩頌之：「母指方才齧，兒心痛不禁。負薪歸未晚，骨肉至情深。」

關於如何探測、了解和使用心靈感應已有很多研究，譬如甘茲菲爾德實驗（英語：Ganzfeld_experiment），但由於無法通過科學性的重複檢驗，科學界一般認為心靈感應不是真實的現象。^[2]^[3]^[4]而且，此現象的各種解釋都無法與現今科學銜接，所以心靈感應目前屬於「玄學」領域，不能稱為「心靈感應理論」。

但由於人類時常觀察到所謂「奇異的交流」和類似現象，當代在研究歷史、虛構作品或信仰時，常用心靈感應或類似觀念作解釋。

有些人往往把心靈感應和預知、透視、同理心等幾個類似的玄學現象連在一起。一些宗教概念也認為心靈感應是連接心中自性的重要成分。

越南語稱之為「神交隔感」（thần giao cách cảm），日語則用「以心伝心」或者直譯英文「テレパシー」。

引用

[1]
Hamilton, Trevor. Immortal Longings: F.W.H. Myers and the Victorian search for life after death. Imprint Academic. 2009: 121. ISBN 978-1-84540-248-8.
[2]
Jan Dalkvist. Telepathic group communication of emotions as a function of belief in telepathy. Dept. of Psychology, Stockholm University. 1994 [5 October 2011]. （原始內容存檔於2020-08-13）. Within the scientific community however, the claim that psi anomalies exist or may exist is in general regarded with skepticism. One reason for this difference between the scientist and the non scientist is that the former relies on on his own experiences and anecdotal reports of psi phenomena, whereas the scientist at least officially requires replicable results from well controlled experiments to believe in such phenomena - results which according to the prevailing view among scientists, do not exist.
[3]
Willem B. Drees. Religion, Science and Naturalism. Cambridge University Press. 28 November 1998: 242– [5 October 2011]. ISBN 978-0-521-64562-1. （原始內容存檔於2020-07-30）. Let me take the example of claims in parapsychology regarding telepathy across spatial or temporal distances, apparently without a mediating physical process. Such claims are at odds with the scientific consensus.
[4]
美科学家发现“心灵感应”背后机制. 中國科學報. 2016-04-20 [2017-11-17]. （原始內容存檔於2017-11-17）.

參見

讀心術一詞有其他含義，不宜與此混淆
微波聽覺效應
Subvocal recognition（英語：Subvocal recognition）
齊訥卡片
超心理學
動物傳心

[hamilton121-1] [1]
Hamilton, Trevor. Immortal Longings: F.W.H. Myers and the Victorian search for life after death. Imprint Academic. 2009: 121. ISBN 978-1-84540-248-8.

[Dalkvist1994-2] [2]
Jan Dalkvist. Telepathic group communication of emotions as a function of belief in telepathy. Dept. of Psychology, Stockholm University. 1994 [5 October 2011]. （原始內容存檔於2020-08-13）. Within the scientific community however, the claim that psi anomalies exist or may exist is in general regarded with skepticism. One reason for this difference between the scientist and the non scientist is that the former relies on on his own experiences and anecdotal reports of psi phenomena, whereas the scientist at least officially requires replicable results from well controlled experiments to believe in such phenomena - results which according to the prevailing view among scientists, do not exist.

[Drees1998-3] [3]
Willem B. Drees. Religion, Science and Naturalism. Cambridge University Press. 28 November 1998: 242– [5 October 2011]. ISBN 978-0-521-64562-1. （原始內容存檔於2020-07-30）. Let me take the example of claims in parapsychology regarding telepathy across spatial or temporal distances, apparently without a mediating physical process. Such claims are at odds with the scientific consensus.

[4] [4]
美科学家发现“心灵感应”背后机制. 中國科學報. 2016-04-20 [2017-11-17]. （原始內容存檔於2017-11-17）.

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