山蟻亞科 （Formicinae），或稱蟻亞科 ，隸屬於蟻科 ，現生共 51 屬 11 族，共 3,182 個現生物種[ 1] [ 1] 蟻酸 的亞科[ 2]
Quick Facts 山蟻亞科, 科學分類 ...
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弓背蟻屬 物種
腹柄節單節，呈結狀或片狀（後腹柄節完全消失）。腹部末端有一個環形或Ｕ型的開口（酸孔），通常被毛覆蓋，不具螫針 ，可透過酸孔射出蟻酸以禦敵。大部分物種複眼完整發育，可能具有單眼。觸角與頭部連結的地方不被面隆突（frontal carinae）遮蓋。前中胸背板縫線存在且具彈性[ 3]
除了土棲的物種以外，山蟻亞科特徵較為原始，如繭、工蟻具有單眼，大部分物種小顎鬚、下唇鬚及觸角節數減少數量不多。大部分物種罕有大顎高度特化的現象，除了長顎山蟻屬 和悍蟻屬 。
山蟻亞科的族級分類地位尚待釐清，以下清單主要來自 AntCat[ 1]
巨山蟻族 Camponotini Forel, 1878 麗蟻屬 Calomyrmex Emery, 1895
弓背蟻屬 Camponotus Mayr, 1861 – carpenter ants (global)，巨山蟻屬
† Chimaeromyrma Dlussky, 1988
恐蟻屬 Dinomyrmex (Latreille, 1802)
海膽蟻屬 Echinopla Smith, 1857
Opisthopsis Dalla Torre, 1893
Overbeckia Viehmeyer, 1916
棘山蟻屬 Polyrhachis Smith, 1857 (Asian, African tropics)
†偽巨山蟻屬 Pseudocamponotus Carpenter, 1930
山蟻族 Latreille, 1809 Alloformica Dlussky, 1969
Bajcaridris Agosti, 1994
箭蟻屬 Cataglyphis Foerster, 1850
† Cataglyphoides Dlussky, 2008
† Conoformica Dlussky, 2008
山蟻屬 Formica Linnaeus, 1758模式屬 伊比蟻屬 Iberoformica Tinaut, 1990
悍蟻屬 Polyergus Latreille, 1804 – Amazon ants
原山蟻屬 Proformica Ruzsky, 1902
†原始山蟻屬 Protoformica Dlussky, 1967
Rossomyrmex Arnol'di, 1928
Gesomyrmecini Ashmead, 1905
短角蟻屬 Gesomyrmex Mayr, 1868
† Prodimorphomyrmex Wheeler, 1915
Santschiella Forel, 1916
† Sicilomyrmex Wheeler, 1915
碩眼山蟻族 Gigantiopini Ashmead, 1905 碩眼山蟻屬 Gigantiops Roger, 1863 (Neotropical)
毛山蟻族 Lasiini Ashmead, 1905 尖尾蟻屬 Acropyga Roger, 1862，臀山蟻屬
捷蟻屬 Anoplolepis Santschi, 1914，捷山蟻屬
Cladomyrma Wheeler, 1920
† Glaphyromyrmex Wheeler, 1915
Lasiophanes Emery, 1895
毛山蟻屬 Lasius Fabricius, 1804，毛蟻屬
Melophorini Forel, 1912
蜜罐蟻屬 Melophorus Lubbock, 1883 (澳大利亞)
Myrmecocystus Wesmael, 1838
Prolasius Forel, 1892
Stigmacros Forel, 1905
奇蟻屬 Teratomyrmex McAreavey, 1957
Myrmecorhynchini Wheeler, 1917 短蟻屬 Brachymyrmex Mayr, 1868
Myrmecorhynchus André, 1896
微蟻屬 Myrmelachista Roger, 1863
Myrmelachistini [ 4] [ 5] [ 6] Notoncus Emery, 1895
Pseudonotoncus Clark, 1934
長顎山蟻族 Myrmoteratini Emery, 1895 長顎山蟻屬 Myrmoteras Forel, 1893
Notostigmatini Bolton, 2003
Notostigma Emery, 1920
織葉蟻族 Oecophyllini Emery, 1895 織葉蟻屬 Oecophylla Smith, 1860，編織蟻屬 – weaver ants
Plagiolepidini Forel, 1886
Agraulomyrmex Prins, 1983
Aphomomyrmex Emery, 1899
Bregmatomyrma Wheeler, 1929
Euprenolepis Emery, 1906
鱗山蟻屬 Lepisiota Santschi, 1926, 刺結蟻屬
尼氏蟻屬 Nylanderia Emery, 1906，尼蘭德山蟻屬
Paraparatrechina Donisthorpe, 1947
Paraparatrechina albipes (Emery, 1899) Emery, 1899Paraparatrechina brunnella LaPolla & ChengParaparatrechina concinnata LaPolla & ChengParaparatrechina foreli (Emery, 1914)Paraparatrechina gnoma LaPolla & ChengParaparatrechina illusio LaPolla & Fisher, 2014Paraparatrechina kongming (Terayama, 2009) Terayama, 2009Paraparatrechina lecamopteridis Paraparatrechina luminella LaPolla & Fisher, 2014Paraparatrechina minutula Paraparatrechina myops LaPolla & FisherParaparatrechina neela Sahanashree, Punnath & Priyadarsanan, 2024[ 7] Paraparatrechina ocellatula LaPolla & FisherParaparatrechina opaca Paraparatrechina oreias LaPolla & ChengParaparatrechina pallida Paraparatrechina sauteri Paraparatrechina splendida LaPolla & ChengParaparatrechina umbranatis LaPolla & ChengParaparatrechina weissi 立毛蟻屬 Paratrechina Motschoulsky, 1863，黃山蟻屬 – crazy ants
Petalomyrmex Snelling, 1979
斜結蟻屬 Plagiolepis Mayr, 1861，斜山蟻屬
前結山蟻屬 Prenolepis Mayr, 1861
偽毛山蟻屬 Pseudolasius Emery, 1887
Tapinolepis Emery, 1925
頎蟻屬 Zatania LaPolla, Kallal & Brady, 2012
亞科地位未定 的屬： † Attopsis Heer, 1850
† Leucotaphus Donisthorpe, 1920
† Liaoformica Hong, 2002
† Longiformica Hong, 2002
† Magnogasterites Hong, 2002
† Orbicapitia Hong, 2002
† Ovalicapito Hong, 2002
† Ovaligastrula Hong, 2002
† Protrechina Wilson, 1985
† Sinoformica Hong, 2002
† Sinotenuicapito Hong, 2002
† Wilsonia Hong, 2002
Barry Bolton. AntCat . [2020-06-08 ] . （原始內容存檔 於2020-06-08）. FERGUS J. O'ROURKE. FORMIC ACID PRODUCTION AMONG THE FORMICIDAE. Annals Entomological Society of America. 1950, (43): 437-443.
Ward, Philip S.; Blaimer, Bonnie B.; Fisher, Brian L. A revised phylogenetic classification of the ant subfamily Formicinae(Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with resurrection of the genera Colobopsis and Dinomyrmex. Zootaxa (Magnolia Press). 2016, 4072 (3). doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4072.3.4 Christopher M. Wilson; Autumn Smith-Herron. Morphology of the male genitalia of Brachymyrmex and their implications in the Formicinae phylogeny. Journal of Hymenoptera Research (Pensoft Publishers). 2016, 50 : 81–95. ISSN 1070-9428 doi:10.3897/JHR.50.8697 AntWeb . California Academy of Sciences. [2018-03-10 ] . （原始內容存檔 於2018-03-10）.Ramakrishnaiah Sahanashree, Aswaj Punnath, Dharma Rajan Priyadarsanan. 2024. A Remarkable New Species of Paraparatrechina Donisthorpe (1947) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Formicinae) from the Eastern Himalayas, India. ZooKeys. 1203: 159-172. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1203.114168
