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基因庫或基因池（英語：gene pool）是指同一種群中全部個體所含有的全部基因的集合[1]。
因此，每個個體所擁有的基因都是該族群各個成員所共享的。比如黑人、白人、黃種人皆共享人類的基因庫，而人類、黑猩猩、獼猴等皆共享靈長類基因庫。
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