原始主義

原始主義是一種崇尚「原始」體驗的西方美學思潮。它提倡在現代藝術中引入原始（非西方的、史前的）事物，如高更繪製的大量大溪地主題作品^[1]。它本質上是一種烏托邦思想，認為天然的才是最好的^[2]。雖然在藝術上產生了不少碩果，原始主義也因固化外國「野蠻人」的形象、美化殖民統治而遭受批評^[3]。一些素人藝術和民間藝術作品，如亨利·盧梭、哈伊爾·拉里奧諾夫和保羅·克利等人的作品也被劃入原始主義的範疇。

《在熱帶森林作戰的老虎和水牛》（In a Tropical Forest Combat of a Tiger and a Buffalo），亨利·盧梭，1908–1909，埃爾米塔日博物館

參考文獻

1. Artspoke, Robert Atkins, 1993, ISBN 978-1-55859-388-6
2. A. O. Lovejoy and George Boas, Primitivism and Related Ideas in Antiquity (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1935).
3. See especially Marianna Torgovnick. Gone primitive: Savage intellects, Modern lives (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991).

• Antliff, Mark and Patricia Leighten, "Primitive" in Critical Terms for Art History, R. Nelson and R. Shiff (Eds.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996 (rev. ed. 2003).
• Blunt, Anthony & Pool, Phoebe. Picasso, the Formative Years: A Study of His Sources. Graphic Society, 1962.
• Connelly, S. Frances. The Sleep of Reason: Primitivism in Modern European Art and Aesthetics, 1725-1907. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999.
• del Valle, Alejandro. Primitivism in the Art of Ana Mendieta. Tesis doctoral. Universitat Pompeu Fabra. 2015 [8 July 2017]. （原始內容存檔於2020-12-06）.
• Cooper, Douglas The Cubist Epoch, Phaidon in association with the Los Angeles County Museum of Art & the Metropolitan Museum of Art, London, 1970, ISBN 0-87587-041-4
• Diamond, Stanley. In Search of the Primitive: A Critique of Civilization. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 1974.
• Etherington, Ben. Literary Primitivism. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2018.
• Flam, Jack and Miriam Deutch, eds. Primitivism and Twentieth Century Art Documentary History. University of California Press, 2003.
• Goldwater, Robert. Primitivisim in Modern Art. Belnap Press. 2002.
• Lovejoy, A. O. and George Boas. Primitivism and Related Ideas in Antiquity. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1935 (With supplementary essays by W. F. Albright and P. E. Dumont, Baltimore and London, Johns Hopkins U. Press. 1997).
• Redfield, Robert. "Art and Icon" in Anthropology and Art, C. Otten (Ed.). New York: Natural History Press, 1971.
• Rhodes, Colin. Primitivism and Modern Art. London: Thames and Hudson, 1994.
• Solomon-Godeau, Abigail. "Going Native: Paul Gauguin and the Invention of Primitivist Modernism" in The Expanded Discourse: Feminism and Art History, N. Broude and M. Garrard (Eds.). New York: Harper Collins, 1986.

外部連接

• John Zerzan, Telos 124, Why Primitivism?. New York: Telos Press Ltd., Summer 2002. (Telos Press（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）).
• Articles on Primitivism
• "Primitivism meaning and methods" （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
• Research Group in Primitive Art and Primitivism (CIAP-UPF) （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
• Ben Etherington, "The New Primitives" （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, Los Angeles Review of Books, May 24, 2018.