莫斯科利哈喬夫工廠股份有限公司 (俄語:Завод имени Лихачёва ),簡稱吉爾汽車廠 (ЗиЛ, ZiL),是俄羅斯一家汽車與重型裝備製造廠。有吉斯(ЗиС, ZiS)和吉爾(ЗиЛ, ZiL)兩大汽車品牌,汽車技術更新換代較慢。
1916的建廠方案
此條目
需要補充更多來源 。
(2014年10月27日 )
Quick Facts AMO ZiL, 公司類型 ...
Close
Quick Facts 獲得獎項 ...
Close
1915年從義大利菲亞特汽車廠引進卡車生產線,1916年沙俄建設的6家汽車廠之一,時稱莫斯科汽車廠 (縮寫為AMO ,俄語:Автомобильное Московское Общество )。按許可證生產義大利菲亞特 的F-15 1.5噸級卡車。雖然到1917年僅完成了三分之二的工程量,但這已是6家中進展最快的一家。由於隨後的十月革命 與俄國內戰 ,該廠於1924年11月1日生產出第一輛車,AMO-F-15 。1926年—1927年工廠只生產425輛汽車。1928年工廠年生產總量只有800輛。
1931年,蘇聯第一個五年計劃期間,該廠得到美國A.J. Brandt Co. 的技術改造, 美方還派專家赴蘇現場指導,蘇方也派人到美國汽車廠實習,援助中國一汽建廠的總專家(專家組組長)希格喬夫就曾在美國實習過。新建起巨大廠房,面積達120萬平方米,工廠占地為500公傾,職工2.5萬人,年產能力擴大到2.5萬輛,1931年10月21日,新建工廠流水線投產。1931年10月1日起,「阿莫」工廠被命名為史達林汽車廠(縮寫為ZIS 或ZiS ,簡稱「吉斯」工廠)。1934年到1937年史達林汽車廠又進行第二次擴建工程,生產新型的3NC—5載重車。1937年產量超過6萬輛。1946年3月工廠進行第三次擴建改造,換型產品,新產品為「吉斯—150」,到1948年末日產達到250輛規模。
1956年6月24日,赫魯雪夫 反個人崇拜運動中,更名為利哈喬夫汽車廠 ,以其首任總經理伊萬·阿列克謝維奇·利哈喬夫 命名。
布良斯克汽車廠 生產越野牽引車與底盤,載重14-40噸。
ZIS-101 (1936)仿製美國豪華轎車帕克德(Packard)製造出了供政府公務專用的8缸
ZIS-102 (1938, convertible version of ZIS-101)
ZIS-110 (1945年8月) 仿製美國1942年款「派克 超八」。一說該生產線是美國派克公司 「派克180」的淘汰生產線。每年的產量只有十幾輛手工定製車。「吉斯-110」還有敞篷版本。採用直列8缸汽油發動機,140匹馬力,帶同步器的3速手動變速箱,油耗為每百公里23升,最高車速能到達140公里。1958年停產時總產量為2083台。
ZIS-115 (ZIS-110的防彈型,車身安裝8mm厚的裝甲,70mm厚的防彈玻璃,底盤也安裝了裝甲,能經受反步兵地雷的爆炸衝擊,車廂內還有一道可升降的中隔玻璃。自重達到7.5噸。)
ZIL-MZ (prototype sub-compact convertible, 1962)
ZIL-111 (1958)
ZIL-114 (1970)
ZIL-115 (1972)
ZIL-117 (1972, shortened ZIL-114)
ZIL-4102 (prototype, 1988)
ZIL-4104 (1978)
ZIL-4105 (1988, armoured version of ZIL-41047)
ZIL-41041 (1985, five-seat version of ZIL-41047)
ZIL-41042 (station wagon version of ZIL-4104)
ZIL-41044 (convertible version of ZIL-4104)
ZIL-41045 (1983, upgraded ZIL-4104)
ZIL-41047 (1985)
ZIL-41072 (1988, escort version of ZIL-41047)
ZIL-4112 (2005?, concept)
ZIL-4112R (2012)
ZIS-101
ZIS-110
ZIL-111
ZIL-114
ZIL-117
ZIL-4104
ZIL-41047
ZIL 130
ZIL 5301
ZIL 4331
fire truck AC 3.2-40 (ZiL-4331)
fire truck AC 3,0-40 (ZiL-4334)
AMO-懷特:建廠後依靠維修美國懷特(White)卡車的過程中所積累的經驗,自己開始生產載質量為3t的卡車。使用了該廠自己生產的部件及總成,其中一些還是由該廠設計的。
AMO F-15 (1924, 菲亞特F-15的生產許可證)4缸化油器式水冷發動機,使用了磁石點火系統。4擋變速箱。後橋橫梁與傳動軸殼體設計成一個部件。為了防止車輪內胎的磨損加劇,該車型前輪的半軸角度設計為178°。原來變速器的操作杆及手剎均設置在駕駛室外側,之後該廠對其作了改動,把它們移至靠近司機的地方,並新配備了蓄電池照明系統及喇叭。
AMO-2 (1930)採用進口的汽車零部件,掌握了生產AMO-2型軍用卡車的技術
AMO-3 (1931)
AMO-7 (1932, prototype tractor-trailer based on AMO-3)
ZIS-5 :1934年,AMO-3使用了一些新的更為先進的零部件,重新命名為吉斯(ZIS)-5型。可靠性強、維修便利、耐低溫性好,6缸化油器發動機,帶有蓄電池點火系統。乾式雙片離合器、4擋變速箱、雙級主傳動器以及機械傳動式剎車裝置。1944年,烏拉爾汽車與發動機廠 生產的吉斯-5卡車投產,配備了56kW發動機以及輪胎壓力更大的新型輪胎。至1948年停產,共生產了532311輛。
ZIS-6 (1934, 引進了美國Autocar 的Dispatch Model SA and Model SD)
ZIS-10 (1934, tractor-trailer version of ZIS-5)
ZIS-11 (1934, extra long wheelbase version of ZIS-5)
ZIS-12 (1934, long wheelbase version of ZIS-5)
ZIS-13 (1936, gas generator version of ZIS-5)
ZIS-14 (1934, long wheelbase version of ZIS-5)
ZIS-15 (prototype replacement for ZIS-5, 1938)
ZIS-21 (1939-1941, based on ZIS-5 but powered by wood gas)
ZIS-22 (半履帶車 , 1939-1941, based on the ZIS-5)
ZIS-23 (three axle prototype based on the ZIS-15)
ZIS-24 (four-wheel-drive prototype based on the ZIS-15)
ZIS-30 (1940, multifuel version of ZIS-5)
ZIS-32 (1941, 4x4 version of the ZIS-5)
ZIS-33 (1940, halftrack, based on the ZIS-5)
ZIS-36 (1944, prototype 6x6 version of ZIS-5)
ZIS-41 (1940, simplified version of ZIS-21)
ZIS-42 (Halftrack, 1942-1944, based on the ZIS-5)
ZIS-43 (1944, armed version of ZIS-42)
ZIS-50 (1946, re-engined ZIS-5)
ZIS-120N (1956, tractor-trailer version of ZIS-150)
ZIS-121 (tractor-trailer version of ZIS-151)
ZIS-128 (1954, prototype for ZIL-131)
ZIS-E134 (1955, prototype off road vehicle)
ZIS-150 (1947,中國引進後為CA-10 )
ZIS-151 (1948, ZIS-150的3軸全驅越野型,中國的對應車型為CA-30
)
ZIS-153 (1952?, prototype halftrack based on ZIS-151)
ZIS-156 (1947, gas generator version of ZIS-150)
ZIS-253 (prototype)
ZIS-585 (1949, dump-truck version of ZIS-150)
ZIL-130 (1962, 1987年生產轉移給烏拉爾汽車與發動機廠
ZIL-131 (1967,3軸全驅越野型,防水發電機、密封性好的起動機以及屏蔽和密封良好的發動機點火系統,能用於氣溫在零下40℃至零上55℃。保有量較大,在俄羅斯隨處可見。1987年生產轉移給烏拉爾汽車與發動機廠
ZIL-132 (1960, prototype off road vehicle)
ZIL-133 (1975, three-axle version of ZIL-130)
ZIL-134 (1957, prototype off road vehicle)
ZIL-135 (1959, prototype off road vehicle) - later built by BAZ
ZIL-136 (1957, prototype off road vehicle)
ZIL-137 (prototype off road tractor-trailer based on ZIL-131)
ZIL-138 (1975, LPG powered version of ZIL-130)
ZIL-157軍卡 (1958,3軸全驅越野型ZiS-150的改進型,具有了輪胎壓力中央控制系統)
ZIL-157R (1957, prototype off road vehicle based on ZIL-157)
ZIL-164 (1957, improved ZIS-150)
ZIL-164N (1957, tractor trailer version of ZIL-164)
ZIL-165 (1958, prototype for ZIL-131)
ZIL-166 (1957, gas generator version of ZIL-164)
ZIL-E-167 (1962?)
ZIL-169G (prototype for ZIL-4331)
ZIL-E169A (1964, prototype cab-over truck)
ZIL-170 (1969, prototype for KAMAZ-5320 )
ZIL-175 (1969, two-axle version of ZIL-170, prototype for Kamaz )
ZIL-485 (amphibious vehicle based on ZIS-151)
ZIL-553 (cement mixer based on ZIL-164)
ZIL-555 (1964, dump truck based on ZIL-130)
ZIL-585 (1957, dump truck based on ZIL-164)
ZIL-2502 (dump truck based on ZIL-5301)
ZIL-3302 (1992, prototype truck based on ZIL-119)
ZIL-3906
ZIL-4305 (1983, prototype truck based on ZIL-4104)
ZIL-4327 (2004?)
ZIL-4331 (1986)
ZIL-4334 (2004)
ZIL-4514 (dump truck based on ZIL-133)
ZIL-4972
ZIL-5301 "Bychok" ("Bull") (1992)
ZIL-5901 (1970)
ZIL-6404 (1996)
ZIL-6309 (1999)
ZIL-6409 (1999)
ZIL-432720
ZIL-432930 (2003)
ZIL-433180 (2003)
ZIL-436200 (2009)
ZIS-5
BM-13-16 on a ZiS-6 chassis
ZIS-42M
ZIS-150
BM-13-16 on a ZiS-151
ZIL-157
ZIL 130
ZIL-131
ZIL-485 BAV
ZIL-133
BM-27 Uragan on ZIL-135
ZIL 4331
fire truck AC 3.2-40 (ZiL-4331)
fire truck AC 3,0-40 (ZiL-4334)
ZIL 5301 Bychok ("Bull")
interurban bus ZIS-127
ZIL-119
AKZ-1 (1947-1948, based on ZIS-150 truck)
AMO-4 (1932-1934, based on the AMO-3)
ZIS-lux (prototype, based on the ZIS-6, 1934)
ZIS-8 (1934-1938, 基於ZIS-11)
ZIS-16 (1938-1942, 基於ZIS-5)
ZIS-17 (prototype, based on the ZIS-15, 1939)
ZIS-44 (based on the ZIS-5)
ZIS-127 (1955-1961)
ZIL-129 (short-range version of ZIS-127)
ZIS-154 (1946–1950)
ZIS-155 (1949–1957)
ZIL-118 "Yunost" (1962-1970, based on ZIL-111)
ZIL-119 (1971-1994, based on ZIL-118; also called ZIL-118K)
ZIL-158 (1957-1959, based on ZIL-164)
ZIL-159 (1959, prototype for LiAZ)
ZIL-3207 (1991-1999, based on ZIL-41047)
ZIL-3250 (1998-present, based on ZIL-5301)
ZIS-8
ZIS-154
ZIL-158
ZIL-119
ZIS-112 Sports
ZIS-101 Sport (1939)
ZIS-112/1 (1951, based on ZIS-110)
ZIS-112/2 (1956)
ZIS-112/3 (1956)
ZIL-112/4 (1957)
ZIL-112/5 (1957, lengthened ZIL-112/4)
ZIL-112 Sports (1960–62)
ZIL-412 S (1962)
Astronaut Edward T. Lu , having landed with Soyuz TMA-2 , is being recovered with a ZIL-49061 vehicle.
B-3 half-tracked transporter
ZIS-152 armored personnel carrier
PES-1 amphibious vehicle (1966)
ZIL-PKU-1 pneumatic tracked off-road vehicle (1965)
ZIL-SHN-1 Amphibious Screw Vehicle (1968)
ZIL-29061 Amphibious Screw Vehicle
ZIL-4904 Amphibious Screw Vehicle
ZIL-49042 prototype for "Bluebird" (1973)
ZIL-4906 (1975?) "Bluebird" 6-wheeled amphibious vehicle, designed to carry the ZIL-2906. Used for the recovery of Soyuz capsules .[ 1]
ZIL-49061 (1975?) Amphibious rescue vehicle, passenger version of the ZIL-4906. Used for the recovery of Soyuz crews.
蘇聯第92火炮廠 也以史達林命名(ZiS)
GM "old-look" transit bus: Soviet versions (ZIS-154 & ZIS-155)
Zaloga, Steven J. , James Grandsen (1984). Soviet Tanks and Combat Vehicles of World War Two , p. 44. London: Arms and Armour Press. ISBN 0-85368-606-8 .