冬季防線,是德軍於第二次世界大戰期間在義大利建立的一系列防禦工事,它是在大戰中由托特組織建設而成,其中最重要的防禦工事,叫古斯塔夫防線,由從北面而來流入西面第勒尼安海的加里利亞諾河經亞平寧山脈到東面亞得里亞海沿岸的桑格羅河。
防線的中心是位於橫跨通過利里河谷,向北通往羅馬的6號公路上的卡西諾鎮,其山上有能俯瞰利里河谷的蒙特卡西諾修道院,卡西諾山令德軍能清楚觀察所有盟軍之進攻,在亞平寧山脈以西有2條輔助防線:在古斯塔夫防線前面是伯恩哈德防線及在後面5英哩的希特勒防線,冬季防線上的碉堡滿佈炮窖、混凝土地下碉堡、可轉動的機關槍砲座、有刺鐵絲網及地雷陣,它是德軍在羅馬以南最強大的防線,防線上佈署了德軍15個師,它令盟軍從1943年11月中至1944年5月底需經苦戰才能通過冬季防線。
參考資料
- Unknown. CMH Online bookshelves: Fifth Army at the Winter Line 15 November 1943 - 15 January 1944. Washington: US Army Center of Military History. 1945. CMH Pub 100-9. 外部連結存在於
|title=
(幫助) - Unknown. CMH Online bookshelves: From the Volturno to the Winter Line 6 October-15 November 1943. Washington: US Army Center of Military History. 1944. CMH Pub 100-8. 外部連結存在於
|title=
(幫助) - Col. Kenneth V. Smith. CMH Online bookshelves: WWII Campaigns, Naples-Foggia 9 September 1943-21 January 1944. Washington: US Army Center of Military History. 1944. CMH Pub 72-17. 外部連結存在於
|title=
(幫助) - Gerhard Muhm : German Tactics in the Italian Campaign , https://web.archive.org/web/20070927070658/http://www.larchivio.org/xoom/gerhardmuhm2.htm
- Gerhard Muhm : La Tattica tedesca nella Campagna d'Italia, in Linea Gotica avanposto dei Balcani, (Hrsg.) Amedeo Montemaggi - Edizioni Civitas, Roma 1993
- Field Marshall Lord Carver. The Imperial War Museum Book of the War in Italy 1943-1945. London: Sidgwick & Jackson. 2001. ISBN 0-330-48230-0.
Remove ads
外部連結
Wikiwand in your browser!
Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.
Every time you click a link to Wikipedia, Wiktionary or Wikiquote in your browser's search results, it will show the modern Wikiwand interface.
Wikiwand extension is a five stars, simple, with minimum permission required to keep your browsing private, safe and transparent.
Remove ads