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內格羅河（葡萄牙語：Rio Negro，西班牙語：Río Negro）意思為「黑河」，是亞馬遜河北岸最大的一條支流。它的源頭是奧里諾科河和亞馬遜河的分水嶺，它和奧里諾科河之間有卡西基亞雷河相通。
內格羅河的源頭在哥倫比亞境內，名為古艾尼亞河，其最大的支流為沃佩斯河。
內格羅河可通航的河段長度有720公里，在旱季時水深可達1公尺，但河道中也有沙洲。雨季時（4月-10月）下游640公里段河道可寬達32公里，河流湍急，摩托艇可直接航行到安第斯山腳下。
內格羅河之所以被稱為黑河，主要是因為上游植物落葉腐爛造成其河水顏色深如同濃茶水，而河水中含大量腐殖酸，有大量魚繁殖，岸旁的沙洲也成為了多種海龜的繁殖地。
- Goulding, M., Carvalho, M. L., & Ferreira, E. J. G. (1988). Rio Negro, rich life in poor water : Amazonian diversity and foodchain ecology as seen through fish communities. The Hague: SPB Academic Publishing. ISBN 90-5103-016-9
- Saint-Paul, U., Berger, U., Zuanon, J., Villacorta Correa, M. A., García, M., Fabré, N. N., et al. (2000). Fish communities in central Amazonian white- and blackwater floodplains. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 57(3), 235-250.
- Sioli, H. (1955). Beiträge zur regionalen Limnologie des Amazonasgebietes. III. Über einige Gewässer des oberen Rio Negro-Gebietes. Arch. Hydrobiol., 50(1), 1-32.
- Wallace, A. R. (1853). A narrative of travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro, with an account of the native tribes, and observations on the climate, geology, and natural history of the Amazon Valley. London: Reeve.
- Wright, R. (2005). História indígena e do indigenismo no Alto Rio Negro. São Paulo, Brazil: UNICAMP & Instituto Socioambiental. ISBN 85-7591-042-6.Its Brazilian name is imaweena
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