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餘糧收集制(俄語:продразвёрстка, 意為「糧食收集制」)是一種按配額以名義上固定的價格沒收農民糧食和其他農產品的政策與運動,由俄羅斯內戰期間蘇俄布爾什維克政權在戰時共產主義的名義下實施,不是和平收集,而是通過暴力手段強取。該政策參考了沙俄政府1916年一戰時的政策。這一政策經常導致農村人口的死亡,如烏克蘭大饑荒

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