鮑魚

此條目介紹的是人類經濟和社會意義上鮑屬動物。關於其在生物學上的定義，請見「鮑」。關於中國古代以「鮑魚」一詞所稱的事物，請見「鹹魚」。

鮑魚（英語：abalone、ⁱ/ˈæbəloʊni/或/ˌæbəˈloʊni/；借自西班牙語「abulón」，源自儒姆森語「aulón」）是對軟體動物門腹足綱深海白笠目鮑科中任意一種海洋動物的通用俗稱。該科曾包含六個屬，但現在只包含一個屬，即鮑屬（Haliotis）^[1]。目前全世界公認的鮑魚種類數量在30^[2]到130^[3]個之間，而已描述的物種級分類單元則超過了230個。對該科最全面的統計認為其具有56個有效物種，另有18個亞種^[4]。

作為商品販賣的鮑魚

在英語中，除了常見的「abalone」之外，鮑魚一詞的其他常用名稱還包括「ear shells」、「sea ears」，以及一些現在較為罕見的用法，比如在澳洲部分地區所使用的「muttonfish」或「muttonshells」，英國所使用的「ormer」、南非的「perlemoen」以及紐西蘭的「pāua」^[5]。

鮑魚殼具有低而開放的螺旋結構，其特點是殼外緣附近有數個連續的開放呼吸孔。殼的厚內層由珍珠層組成，許多種類的珍珠層都呈虹彩，呈現出一系列強烈而多變的顏色，使鮑魚殼成為人們的裝飾品、珠寶和彩色珍珠母的來源。

鮑魚肉被廣泛認為是一種美味佳餚，在各種菜系文化中，人們都會將其生吃或煮熟食用。

參見

• 飲食主題

• 珍饈
• 鮑魚皺縮症候群相關病毒

參考文獻

1. Gofas, Tran & Bouchet 2014
2. Dauphin et al. 1989，第9頁
3. Cox 1962，第8頁
4. Geiger & Owen 2012^{[頁碼請求]}
5. Beesley, Ross & Wells 1998^{[頁碼請求]}

書目

• Abbott, R. Tucker; Dance, S. Peter. Compendium of Seashells 4th. Odyssey Publishing. 2000: 19–23. ISBN 978-0-9661720-0-3.
• Akimichi, Tomoya. The Enduring Appeal of Abalone. Kikkoman Food Forum. Kikkoman.com. 1999 [16 August 2014]. （原始內容存檔於18 August 2014）.
• Anon. Abalone Viral Ganglioneuritis. Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment. Tasmanian Government. 2014 [16 August 2014]. （原始內容存檔於23 August 2014）.
• Anon. Abalone Fishing. Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment. Tasmanian Government. 2014a [16 August 2014]. （原始內容存檔於26 July 2014）.
• Anon. Ormering Tides 2014. visitguernsey.com. State of Guernsey Commerce and Employment. 2014b [16 August 2014]. （原始內容存檔於19 August 2014）.
• Anon. Haliotis kamtschatkana – Jonas, 1845. NatureServe Explorer. 2014c [22 August 2014]. （原始內容存檔於26 August 2014）.
• Anon. Haliotis refescens – Swainson, 1822. NatureServe Explorer. 2014d [22 August 2014]. （原始內容存檔於26 August 2014）.
• Anon. Haliotis sorenseni – Bartsch, 1940. NatureServe Explorer. 2014e [22 August 2014]. （原始內容存檔於26 August 2014）.
• Anon. Haliotis cracherodii – Leach, 1814. NatureServe Explorer. 2014f [22 August 2014]. （原始內容存檔於26 August 2014）.
• Anon. Distribution Map: Haliotis. Ocean Biogeographic Information System. 2014g [22 August 2014].
• Anon. Abalone Information: Introduction. Fishtech. 2012 [16 August 2014]. （原始內容存檔於13 November 2007）.
• Anon. Six Arrested in Massive Abalone Bust. Mail & Guardian. 11 April 2007 [16 August 2014]. （原始內容存檔於19 August 2014）.
• Anon. Endangered and Threatened Species; Endangered Status for Black Abalone. Federal Register: The Daily Journal of the United States. 14 January 2009 [22 August 2014]. （原始內容存檔於26 August 2014）.
• Anon. Submission on Consultation Document on Fisheries Research Services Proposed for 2004/2005 and 2004/08 Statement of Intent Including Output Plan for 2004/5 (PDF). New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries. 2004 [16 August 2014]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於4 March 2016）.
• Anon. Endangered and Threatened Species; Endangered Status for White Abalone. Federal Register: The Daily Journal of the United States. 29 May 2001 [22 August 2014]. （原始內容存檔於29 July 2014）.
• Anon. Illegal Ormering Brings First Underwater Arrest. Park City Daily News (Bowling Green, KY). 15 January 1969.
• Beesley, P. L.; Ross, G. J. B.; Wells, A. Mollusca: The Southern Synthesis: An Essential Reference. Melbourne, Australia: CSIRO Publishing. 1998: 667–669. ISBN 978-0-643-05756-2.
• Byrne, Maria; Ho, Melanie; Wong, Eunice; Soars, Natalie A.; Selvakumaraswamy, Paulina; Shepard-Brennand, Hannah; Sworjanyn, Symon A.; Davis, Andrew R. Unshelled Abalone and Corrupted Urchins; Development of Marine Calcifiers in a Changing Ocean. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 7 August 2011, 278 (1716): 2376–2383. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 3119014 . PMID 21177689. doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.2404.
• Cox, Keith W. California abalone, family Haliotidae. The Resources Agency of California Department of Fish and Game: Fish Bulletin. 1962, 118. ISSN 6306-2593.
• Dauphin, Y.; Cuif, J. P.; Mutvei, H.; Denis, A. Mineralogy, Chemistry and Ultrastructure of the External Shell-layer in Ten Species of Haliotis With Reference to Haliotis tuberculata (Mollusca, Archaeogastropoda). Bulletin of the Geological Institutions of the University of Uppsala. 1989, 15: 7–38. ISSN 0302-2749.
• EoL. Haliotis speciosa: Splendid Abalone. Encyclopedia of Life. 2014 [21 August 2014]. （原始內容存檔於21 August 2014）.
• Freeman, Kylie A. Aquaculture and Related Biological Attributes of Abalone Species in Australia – A Review (PDF) 128. North Beach, WA, Australia: Department of Fisheries. June 2001. ISBN 978-0-7309-8456-6. ISSN 1035-4549. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於19 August 2014）. |journal=被忽略 (幫助)
• Gayot, Alain. Maritime Morsels: Fresh Abalone in California. Gayot: The Guide to the Good Life. The Food Paper. 2010 [16 August 2014]. （原始內容存檔於19 August 2014）.
• Geiger, Daniel L.; Groves, Lindsey T. Review of Fossil Abalone (Gastropoda, Vetigastropoda, Haliotidae) with Comparison to Recent Species. Journal of Paleontology. September 1999, 73 (5): 872–885. Bibcode:1999JPal...73..872G. ISSN 0022-3360. S2CID 87537607. doi:10.1017/S0022336000040713.
• Geiger, Daniel L.; Owen, Buzz. Abalone: Worldwide Haliotidae. Hackenheim, Germany: Conchbooks. 2012. ISBN 978-3-9397-6743-5.
• Gofas, Serge; Tran, Bastien; Bouchet, Phillippe. WoRms Taxon Details: Haliotis Linnaeus, 1758. WoRMS (World Register of Marine Species). 2014 [16 August 2014]. （原始內容存檔於10 October 2014）.
• Gustafson, Rick; Rumsey, Scott. Species of Concern: Pinto Abalone Haliotis Kamtschatkana (PDF). NOAA: National Marine Fisheries Service. 1 November 2007 [22 August 2014]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於7 October 2012）.
• Hoiberg, Dale H. (編). The New Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica. 1: A-ak Bayes 15th. Chicago, IL: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 1993. ISBN 978-0-85229-961-6. LCCN 2002113989.
• Jones, Glenn A. "Quite the Choicest Protein Dish": The Costs of Consuming Seafood in American Restaurants, 1850–2006. Starkey, David J.; Holm, Poul; Barnard, Michaela (編). Oceans Past: Management Insights from the History of Marine Animal Populations. London, UK: Earthscan. 2008. ISBN 978-1-84407-527-0.
• Lin, Albert; Meyers, Marc André. Growth and Structure in Abalone Shell. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 15 January 2005, 390 (1–2): 27–41. ISSN 0921-5093. doi:10.1016/j.msea.2004.06.072.
• Linnaeus, Carl. Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis [The System of Nature Through the Three Kingdoms of Nature, According to Classes, Orders, Genera, Species, With the Characteristics, Differences, Synonyms, and Locations] 1 Decima [10th]. Holmia [Stockholm], Sweden: Laurentii Salvii. 1758 （拉丁語）.
• Linnaeus, Carl. Systema Naturæ [The System of Nature]. 1, Part 2 Duodecima [12th]. Holmia [Stockholm], Sweden: Laurentii Salvii. 1767 （拉丁語）.
• Loosanoff, Victor L. Abalone. Johnston, Bernard (編). Collier's Encyclopedia. I: A to Ameland 1st. New York, NY: P. F. Collier. 1997.
• McDougall, P.T.; Ploss, J.; Tuthill, J. Haliotis kamtschatkana. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2006, 2006: e.T61743A12552981 [12 November 2021]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T61743A12552981.en .
• Neuman, Melissa. Species of Concern: Green Abalone Haliotis fulgens (PDF). NOAA: National Marine Fisheries Service. 10 June 2009 [22 August 2014]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於4 March 2016）.
• Neuman, Melissa. Species of Concern: Pink Abalone Haliotis corrugata (PDF). NOAA: National Marine Fisheries Service. 2 November 2007 [22 August 2014]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於4 March 2016）.
• Simon, Carol A. Polydora and Dipolydora (Polychaeta: Spionidae) Associated With Molluscs on the South Coast of South Africa, With Descriptions of Two New Species. African Invertebrates. 2011, 52 (1): 39–50. Bibcode:2011AfrIn..52...39S. ISSN 1681-5556. doi:10.5733/afin.052.0104 .
• Simons, Stefan. Abalone-Zucht in der Bretagne: Sylvains Meerestrüffel [Abalone Farming in Brittany: Sylvain Sea Truffles]. Spiegel Online. 14 April 2010 [16 August 2014]. （原始內容存檔於4 February 2014） （德語）.
• Smith, G.; Stamm, C.; Petrovic, F. Haliotis cracherodii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2003, 2003: e.T41880A10566196 [12 November 2021]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2003.RLTS.T41880A10566196.en . 已忽略未知參數|collaboration= (幫助)
• Smookler, Michael. San Mateo County Coast. Arcadia Publishing. 2005. ISBN 978-0-7385-3061-1.
• State of California. Title 14, Division 1, Subdivision 1, Chapter 4, Article 1, §29.15 Abalone. Westlaw. 2014 [16 August 2014]. （原始內容存檔於4 March 2016）.
• State of California. Special Animals (898 Taxa) (PDF). State of California: Division of Fish and Game. January 2011 [22 August 2014]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於24 January 2014）.
• State of California. Title 14, Division 1, Subdivision 1, Chapter 4, Article 1, §29.16 Abalone Report Card and Tagging Requirements (FG 2915, See Section 701). Westlaw. 2008 [16 August 2014]. （原始內容存檔於25 December 2016）.
• Taggart, Stewart. Abalone Farming on a Boat. Wired. 25 January 2002 [16 August 2014]. （原始內容存檔於12 June 2022）.
• Tran, Bastien; Bouchet, Phillippe. WoRMS Taxon Details: Haliotis corrugata oweni Talmadge, 1966. WoRMS: World Register of Marine Species. 2009 [19 August 2014]. （原始內容存檔於17 October 2014）.
• Tryon, George W. Jr. Manual of Conchology; Structural and Systematic With Illustrations of the Species (PDF). II: Muricinæ, Purpurinæ. Philadelphia, PA: Academy of Natural Sciences. 1880.
• Westaway, Cameron; Norriss, Jeff. Abalone Aquaculture in Western Australia (PDF). Fisheries Management Paper. October 1997, 109. ISSN 0819-4327. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於19 August 2014）.

拓展閱讀

• Field, Les. Lomawaima, K. Tsianina , 編. Abalone Tales: Collaborative Explorations of Sovereignty and Identity in Native California. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. 2008. ISBN 978-0-8223-4233-5.
• Geiger, Daniel L.; Poppe, G. T. A Conchological Iconography: The family Haliotidae. Hackenheim Germany: Conchbooks. 2000.
• Pollard, Graham. Abalone Fishing in South Australia (PDF). South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society Journal. 2001, 31 (3) [16 August 2014]. 原始內容存檔於19 August 2014.

外部連結

•  Abalone. Encyclopædia Britannica (第11版). London. 1911.
• Abalone: Species Diversity
• ABMAP: The Abalone Mapping Project
• Abalone biology
• Conchology
• Hardy's Internet Guide to Marine Gastropods : Shell Catalog
• book on crafting with Abalone Shell 網際網路檔案館的存檔，存檔日期9 March 2021.
• Fisheries Western Australia – Abalone Fact Sheet
• Imagemap of worldwide abalone distribution
• Oman’s Abalone Harvest
• [1] Pro abalone diver, Mallacoota, Victoria (1967)
• [2] Tathra NSW(1961), Abalone (1963)
• Fathom magazine "The Abalone Divers" Pages 43,44,45 (1972)^{[永久失效連結]}
• Abalone Healing Properties

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