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Ieoh Ming Pei, FAIA(英語:Fellow of the American Institute of Architects), RIBA[1] (26 April 1917 – 16 May 2019) was a Chinese-American architect. Born in Guangzhou and raised in Hong Kong and Shanghai, Pei drew inspiration at an early age from the gardens at Suzhou. In 1935, he moved to the United States and enrolled in the University of Pennsylvania's architecture school, but quickly transferred to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was unhappy with the focus at both schools on Beaux-Arts architecture, and spent his free time researching emerging architects, especially Le Corbusier. After graduating, he joined the Harvard Graduate School of Design(英語:Harvard Graduate School of Design) (GSD) and became a friend of the Bauhaus architects Walter Gropius and Marcel Breuer. In 1948, Pei was recruited by New York City real estate magnate William Zeckendorf(英語:William Zeckendorf), for whom he worked for seven years before establishing his own independent design firm I. M. Pei & Associates in 1955, which became I. M. Pei & Partners in 1966 and later in 1989 became Pei Cobb Freed & Partners(英語:Pei Cobb Freed & Partners). Pei retired from full-time practice in 1990. In his retirement, he worked as an architectural consultant primarily from his sons' architectural firm Pei Partnership Architects(英語:Pei Partnership Architects).
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2006年攝於盧森堡 | |
出生 | (1917-04-26)1917年4月26日![]() |
逝世 | 2019年5月16日(2019歲—05—16)(102歲)![]() |
公民權 | Republic of China United States |
職業 | 建築師 |
配偶 | Eileen Loo (1942年結婚—2014年喪偶) |
兒女 | 4 |
獎項 | Royal Gold Medal(英語:Royal Gold Medal) AIA Gold Medal Presidential Medal of Freedom Pritzker Prize Praemium Imperiale |
事務所 | I. M. Pei & Associates 1955–2019 I. M. Pei & Partners 1966–2019 Pei Cobb Freed & Partners(英語:Pei Cobb Freed & Partners) 1989–2019 Pei Partnership Architects(英語:Pei Partnership Architects) (consultant) 1992–2019 |
建築 | John F. Kennedy Library, Boston National Gallery of Art East Building Louvre Pyramid, Paris Bank of China Tower, Hong Kong Museum of Islamic Art, Doha Indiana University Art Museum(英語:Indiana University Art Museum) Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art(英語:Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art) Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Miho Museum, The chapel of a junior and high school : Miho Institute of Aesthetics, Japan |
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Pei's first major recognition came with the Mesa Laboratory(英語:Mesa Laboratory) at the National Center for Atmospheric Research(英語:National Center for Atmospheric Research) in Colorado (designed in 1961, and completed in 1967). His new stature led to his selection as chief architect for the John F. Kennedy Library in Massachusetts. He went on to design Dallas City Hall and the East Building of the National Gallery of Art.[2] He returned to China for the first time in 1975 to design a hotel at Fragrant Hills, and designed Bank of China Tower, Hong Kong, a skyscraper in Hong Kong for the Bank of China fifteen years later. In the early 1980s, Pei was the focus of controversy when he designed a glass-and-steel pyramid for the Musée du Louvre in Paris. He later returned to the world of the arts by designing the Morton H. Meyerson Symphony Center(英語:Morton H. Meyerson Symphony Center) in Dallas, the Miho Museum in Japan, Shigaraki, near Kyoto, and the chapel of the junior and high school: MIHO Institute of Aesthetics, the Suzhou Museum in Suzhou,[3] Museum of Islamic Art in Qatar, and the Grand Duke Jean Museum of Modern Art, abbreviated to Mudam, in Luxembourg.
Pei won a wide variety of prizes and awards in the field of architecture, including the AIA Gold Medal in 1979, the first Praemium Imperiale for Architecture in 1989, and the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum(英語:Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum) in 2003. In 1983, he won the Pritzker Prize, which is sometimes referred to as the Nobel Prize of architecture.