說明:古吉拉特語國際音標
維基百科,自由的 encyclopedia
下列圖表展示了國際音標(IPA)在維基百科條目中表示古吉拉特語發音的方式。對於有關在維基百科條目中添加IPA字符的指南,請參見{{IPA-gu}}與Wikipedia:格式手冊/音標 § Notes。
這頁是維基百科的古吉拉特語國際音標發音指南。 |
請參閱古吉拉特語音系(英語:Gujarati phonology)以更全面地了解古吉拉特語的發音。
More information 輔音, IPA ...
|
|
Close
注釋
- The voiced aspirated stops /ɡʱ, dʱ, bʱ/ and /pʰ/ have spirant allophones [ɣ, ð, β, f].Cardona & Suthar (2003:665頁)
- The voiced retroflex stops and the nasal /ɖʱ, ɖ, ɳ/ have flapped allophones [ɽʱ, ɽ, ɽ̃]. Intervocalically all three are flapped. The stops are also flapped when before or after other consonants.Mistry (1997:659頁) The stops are unflapped initially, geminated, and postnasally; and flapped intervocalically, finally, and before or after other consonants.Masica (1991:97頁).
- While there is dialectal variation in this regard, for Wikipedia transcriptions [ʃ] appears contiguous with palatal segments and [ʂ] appears before retroflex consonants: [spəʂʈ] ('clear').Mistry (1997:658頁)
- Gujarati contrasts murmured and non-murmured vowels, except for /e/ and /o/.Cardona & Suthar (2003:662頁) Mistry (2003:116頁).
參考文獻
- Cardona, George; Suthar, Babu, Gujarati, Cardona, George; Jain, Dhanesh (編), The Indo-Aryan Languages, Routledge, 2003, ISBN 978-0-415-77294-5
- Masica, Colin, The Indo-Aryan Languages, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991, ISBN 978-0-521-29944-2
- Mistry, P.J., Gujarati Phonology, Kaye, A.S (編), Phonologies of Asia and Africa, Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1997, ISBN 1-57506-019-1
- Mistry, P.J., Gujarati, Frawley, William (編), International Encyclopedia of Linguistics 2 2nd, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003, ISBN 0-19-516784-8