普法爾茨的魯珀特親王,KG,PC,FRS(英語:Prince Rupert of the Rhine, Duke of Cumberland;1619年12月17日(舊曆)/ 12月27日(新曆)[1]—1682年11月29日)神聖羅馬帝國內稱萊茵河王權伯爵魯普雷希特(德語:Ruprecht Pfalzgraf bei Rhein, Herzog von Bayern),是德意志和英格蘭陸軍軍官、海軍上將、科學家和殖民地總督。他在英格蘭內戰期間以保王黨騎兵指揮官的身份首次嶄露頭角。魯珀特是普法爾茨選侯弗里德里希五世和蘇格蘭及英格蘭國王詹姆士六世及一世的長女伊莉莎白·斯圖亞特第三子。
Quick Facts 普法爾茨的魯珀特親王 Prince Rupert of the Rhine, 出生 ...
1619年,弗里德里希與反叛的信奉新教的波希米亞貴族結盟,希望新教聯盟支持他反抗新當選的神聖羅馬皇帝信奉天主教的費迪南德二世[6]。弗里德里希並未得到支持,導致他在1620年的白山戰役中慘敗於天主教敵人手中。魯珀特的父母在波希米亞的統治只維持了一季,被戲稱為「冬王和冬王后」[7]。為了躲避費迪南德突襲布拉格,魯珀特幾乎被拋在了後面,直到宮廷成員克里斯多福·多納(Kryštof z Donína)在最後一刻把親王扔上了馬車[8]。
魯珀特陪同他的雙親來到海牙,在海牙的瓦森納宮廷(Hof te Wassenaer)度過了他的早年時光[9]。即使按照當時的標準,魯珀特的母親也很少關心她的孩子,顯然更喜歡她的寵物猴和狗[10]。相反,弗里德里希聘請德普勒森(de Plessen)先生和夫人管理他的孩子,指示他們諄諄教誨孩子要對捷克人/波西米亞人和英格蘭持正面態度,並把孩子培養成嚴格的加爾文宗信徒[10] 。結果是嚴格的日常教學,包括邏輯、數學、寫作、繪畫、歌唱和演奏樂器[10]。孩提之童時,魯珀特有時表現不好,「暴躁、淘氣、易怒」,有「惡魔魯珀特」(Robert le Diable)的綽號[11]。儘管如此,魯珀特被證明是個很有能力的學生。三歲時,他能說一些英語、捷克語和法語,還小時就掌握了德語,但對拉丁語和希臘語不感興趣[10]。傑拉德·凡·洪特霍斯特教他藝術,他擅長藝術,發現數學和科學很容易[10]。18歲時,他身高約6英尺4英寸(1.93米)[12]。
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