長沙春秋戰國時期為揚越、楚人,楚之先民為九黎、三苗,有「群蠻上承三苗之緒,下開長沙武陵之說」。之後,長沙先民與中原民族融合,形成主體民族漢族。根據2010年第六次全國人口普查的初步結果,全市常住人口704.41萬人,密度596人。市區人口(含望城)361.75萬人,占總人口的51.35%,密度1,867人;文盲率降為0.78%[1]。長沙主要民族為漢族,2000年第五次人口普查結果顯示,長沙有少數民族人口為48,564人,占總人口的0.79%,涉及46個族別。人口過千人的少數民族有土家、苗、回、侗、瑤、滿、壯、蒙與白9個民族,人口過百人的有彝、布依、朝鮮、土、維、藏、黎與畲8個民族。
男性 | 年齡 | 女性 |
---|---|---|
15,799 | 24,894 | |
32,588 | 39,072 | |
62,532 | 65,785 | |
95,125 | 89,607 | |
110,242 | 99,643 | |
170,104 | 155,502 | |
215,886 | 203,058 | |
201,149 | 181,990 | |
310,429 | 291,448 | |
351,856 | 343,310 | |
312,147 | 290,859 | |
254,929 | 250,752 | |
280,035 | 296,108 | |
448,155 | 450,743 | |
216,798 | 225,084 | |
153,330 | 141,354 | |
166,745 | 151,122 | |
181,775 | 160,997 |
長沙市歷次普查人口數及民族構成 (按現行區劃匯總數據) | ||||||
普查 年份 |
人口總數 | 漢族 | 少數民族 | |||
漢族 | 比重 | 少數民族 | 比重 | 族別數 | ||
2000 | 6,138,719 | 6,090,155 | 99.21 | 48,564 | 0.79 | 46 |
1990 | 5,490,729 | 5,472,734 | 99.67 | 17,995 | 0.33 | 39 |
1982 | 4,803,511 | 4,797,493 | 99.87 | 6,018 | 0.13 | 25 |
1964 | 3,514,573 | 3,511,636 | 99.92 | 2,937 | 0.08 | 16 |
1953 | 3,296,055 | 3,295,066 | 99.97 | 989 | 0.03 | 8 |
2010年人口普查結果顯示,全市有常住人口為7,044,118人(時間點數據),和2000年人口普查相比,10年淨增905,399人;全市戶籍人口為6,511,888人。按性別分,男性3,581,350人,女性3,462,768人,男女性別比由200年人口普查的107.87下降至103.42。按年齡分類,14歲以下(含14歲)人口955,887人,占總人口的13.57%;15-64歲人口5,452,222人,占77.40%;65歲以上人口(含65歲)636,009人,占9.03%。按受教育程度分類,大學(含專科)及以上文化占19.13%,高中(含中專)文化占17.64%,初中文化占34.24%,小學文化占34.24%;文盲率0.78%。
長沙市人口分布 | ||||||||||||||||
區縣 | 人口普查 | 年末戶籍人口 | ||||||||||||||
2010年第六次 | 2000年第五次 | 2010 | 2000 | |||||||||||||
人口 | 比重 | 密度 | 人口 | 性別構成 | 城鄉分布 | 人口 | 比重 (%) |
人口 | 比重 (%) | |||||||
男性 | 比重(%) | 女性 | 比重(%) | 城鎮人口 | 比重(%) | 鄉村人口 | 比重(%) | |||||||||
長沙市 | 7,044,118 | 100 | 596 | 6,138,719 | 3,185,555 | 51.89 | 2,953,164 | 48.11 | 2,743,826 | 44.70 | 3,394,893 | 55.30 | 6,501,248 | 100 | 5,831,894 | 100 |
芙蓉區 | 523,730 | 7.43 | 12,271 | 390,074 | 204,551 | 52.44 | 185,523 | 47.56 | 390,074 | 100 | 406,641 | 6.25 | 313,987 | 5.38 | ||
天心區 | 475,663 | 6.75 | 6,487 | 396,827 | 203,501 | 51.28 | 193,326 | 48.72 | 396,827 | 100 | 400,566 | 6.16 | 356,518 | 6.11 | ||
嶽麓區 | 801,861 | 11.38 | 1,488 | 409,939 | 218,316 | 53.26 | 191,623 | 46.74 | 409,939 | 100 | 627,763 | 9.66 | 314,706 | 5.40 | ||
開福區 | 567,373 | 8.05 | 3,006 | 423,645 | 213,186 | 50.32 | 210,459 | 49.68 | 423,645 | 100 | 419,868 | 6.46 | 376,771 | 6.46 | ||
雨花區 | 725,353 | 10.30 | 6,295 | 502,388 | 259,750 | 51.70 | 242,638 | 48.30 | 502,388 | 100 | 540,510 | 8.31 | 392,160 | 6.72 | ||
望城區 (望城縣) |
523,489 | 7.43 | 550 | 686,349 | 357,495 | 52.09 | 328,854 | 47.91 | 110,917 | 16.16 | 575,432 | 83.84 | 544,314 | 8.37 | 713,953 | 12.24 |
長沙縣 | 979,665 | 13.91 | 491 | 774,707 | 403,933 | 52.14 | 370,774 | 47.86 | 127,754 | 16.49 | 646,953 | 83.51 | 788,566 | 12.13 | 735,402 | 12.61 |
寧鄉縣 | 1,168,056 | 16.58 | 401 | 1,247,218 | 644,213 | 51.65 | 603,005 | 48.35 | 95,766 | 7.68 | 1,151,452 | 92.32 | 1,365,916 | 21.01 | 1,307,804 | 22.43 |
瀏陽市 | 1,278,928 | 18.16 | 256 | 1,307,572 | 680,610 | 52.05 | 626,962 | 47.95 | 286,516 | 21.91 | 1,021,056 | 78.09 | 1,407,104 | 21.64 | 1,320,593 | 22.64 |
長沙市歷次人口普查常住人口與少數民族人口[2] | ||||||
歷次人口普查 | 總人口 | 其中:少數民族 | 少數民族 族別數[3] | |||
普查 年份 |
普查 順次 |
人口 | 占總人口 比重(%) |
長沙 | 全國 | |
2000年 | 第五次 | 6,138,719 | 48,564 | 0.791 | 46 | 55 |
1990年 | 第四次 | 5,490,729 | 17,995 | 0.328 | 39 | 55 |
1982年 | 第三次 | 4,803,511 | 6,018 | 0.125 | 25 | 55 |
1964年 | 第二次 | 3,514,573 | 2,937 | 0.084 | 16 | 54 |
1953年 | 第一次 | 3,296,055 | 989 | 0.030 | 8 | 38 |
長沙以漢族人口為主,少數民族分散雜居。世居少數民族為回族,開福區撈刀河鎮漢回村為全市唯一少數民族回族聚集地。2000年第五次人口普查數據顯示,長沙共有少數民族人口48,564人,占全省少數民族的0.76%,少數民族口數居湖南第8位;占地區人口的0.69%;中國55個少數民族中有46個民族分布。全市土家族人口18,503人,占地區總人口的0.26%,占地區少數民族人口的38.10%,為第1大少數民族。苗族人口11,140人,占地區總人口的0.16%,占地區少數民族人口的22.94%,為第2大少數民族。本地世居民族回族人口4,085人,占地區總人口的0.06%,占地區少數民族人口的8.41%,為第3大少數民族。侗族人口3,357人,占地區總人口的0.05%,占地區少數民族人口的6.91%,為第4大少數民族。人口過2千的還有瑤、滿和壯3民族,分別達到2,853、2,078和2,040人,占地區少數民族人口的比重為5.87%、4.28%和4.20%;蒙古和白2民族人口過千人,分別達到1,192和1,048人,占地區少數民族比重為2.45%和2.16%。彝、布依、朝鮮、土、維吾爾和藏6民族人口過2百,黎和畲族2民族人口過1百,仡佬與納西等15個民族人口過10人,其餘14個民族在10人以下,其中有5個民族分別僅有1人[4]。
長沙的少數民族自第一次人口普查到第五次人口普查,增長快,增幅大。第五次普查比第四次淨增30569人,增長1.7倍多。少數民族快速增加的主要原因
- 自然增長的因素。生育觀念、民族政策等多方面的原因,自然增長率高於漢族。
- 工作、學習等原因遷入長沙,大學生就業與分配、軍隊專業和退伍安置。
- 大型企業成建制從少數民族區遷居長沙落戶,如300廠、湘儀總廠、航天部湖南管理局、解放軍3614廠等企業,這些企業中有數量不小的少數民族職工。
- 1980年代中期,民族地區落實民族政策,民族成份重新認定和更改。
- 邊疆和本省邊遠地區的少數民族來長沙經商、從事服務行業甚至開辦企業的增多。
- 婚姻關係,結婚後按民族成份方面的政策,其子女登記為少數民族。
- 各類學校特別是高等院校招收少數民族學生增多。
歷年年末戶籍人口列表
長沙市歷年戶籍人口數 | |||||||||||
年份 | 總人口 | 市區人口 | 性別構成 | 按農業與非農戶籍劃分 | |||||||
人口數 | 比重 (%) |
男性 | 比重 (%) |
女性 | 比重 (%) |
非農人口 | 比重 (%) |
農業人口 | 比重 (%) | ||
1949 | 3,092,437 | 383,480 | 12.40 | 1,627,510 | 52.63 | 1,464,927 | 47.37 | ||||
1950 | 3,145,165 | 413,635 | 13.15 | 1,651,036 | 52.49 | 1,494,129 | 47.51 | 541,516 | 17.22 | 2,654,525 | 82.78 |
1951 | 3,196,041 | 457,535 | 14.32 | 1,689,104 | 52.85 | 1,506,937 | 47.15 | 541,220 | 16.93 | 2,717,669 | 83.07 |
1952 | 3,258,889 | 516,649 | 15.85 | 1,765,075 | 54.16 | 1,493,814 | 45.84 | 594,811 | 18.25 | 2,708,482 | 81.75 |
1953 | 3,303,293 | 553,645 | 16.76 | 1,751,683 | 53.03 | 1,551,610 | 46.97 | 613,308 | 18.57 | 2,774,343 | 81.43 |
1954 | 3,387,651 | 611,273 | 18.04 | 1,787,749 | 52.77 | 1,599,902 | 47.23 | 677,017 | 19.98 | 2,747,883 | 80.02 |
1955 | 3,424,900 | 616,425 | 18.00 | 1,797,081 | 52.47 | 1,627,819 | 47.53 | 681,060 | 19.89 | 2,814,410 | 80.11 |
1956 | 3,495,470 | 672,224 | 19.23 | 1,850,703 | 52.95 | 1,644,767 | 47.05 | 735,358 | 21.04 | 2,768,112 | 78.96 |
1957 | 3,503,470 | 673,291 | 19.22 | 1,854,666 | 52.94 | 1,648,804 | 47.06 | 751,649 | 21.45 | 2,731,845 | 78.55 |
1958 | 3,483,494 | 663,049 | 19.03 | 1,825,598 | 52.41 | 1,657,896 | 47.59 | 794,300 | 22.80 | 2,629,856 | 77.20 |
1959 | 3,492,082 | 722,762 | 20.70 | 1,838,482 | 52.65 | 1,653,600 | 47.35 | 871,173 | 24.95 | 2,506,756 | 75.05 |
1960 | 3,424,156 | 761,761 | 22.25 | 1,795,656 | 52.44 | 1,628,500 | 47.56 | 898,527 | 26.24 | 2,479,402 | 73.76 |
1961 | 3,377,929 | 726,486 | 21.51 | 1,768,523 | 52.36 | 1,609,406 | 47.64 | 853,456 | 25.27 | 2,535,695 | 74.73 |
1962 | 3,389,151 | 721,271 | 21.28 | 1,776,645 | 52.42 | 1,612,506 | 47.58 | 800,737 | 23.63 | 2,694,912 | 76.37 |
1963 | 3,495,649 | 748,797 | 21.42 | 1,822,271 | 52.13 | 1,673,378 | 47.87 | 826,516 | 23.64 | 2,743,333 | 76.36 |
1964 | 3,569,849 | 764,357 | 21.41 | 1,861,086 | 52.13 | 1,708,763 | 47.87 | 835,599 | 23.41 | 2,821,736 | 76.59 |
1965 | 3,657,335 | 767,725 | 20.99 | 1,906,015 | 52.11 | 1,751,320 | 47.89 | 838,458 | 22.93 | 2,900,458 | 77.07 |
1966 | 3,738,916 | 770,835 | 20.62 | 1,950,918 | 52.18 | 1,787,998 | 47.82 | 833,097 | 22.28 | 2,977,022 | 77.72 |
1967 | 3,810,119 | 786,500 | 20.64 | 1,986,179 | 52.13 | 1,823,940 | 47.87 | 826,945 | 21.70 | 3,078,939 | 78.30 |
1968 | 3,905,884 | 763,400 | 19.54 | 2,030,386 | 51.98 | 1,875,498 | 48.02 | 812,115 | 20.79 | 3,189,292 | 79.21 |
1969 | 4,001,407 | 749,700 | 18.74 | 2,079,936 | 51.98 | 1,921,471 | 48.02 | 792,368 | 19.80 | 3,264,099 | 80.20 |
1970 | 4,056,467 | 742,284 | 18.30 | 2,105,841 | 51.91 | 1,950,626 | 48.09 | 759,390 | 18.72 | 3,371,480 | 81.28 |
1971 | 4,130,870 | 759,730 | 18.39 | 2,147,639 | 51.99 | 1,983,231 | 48.01 | 819,740 | 19.84 | 3,383,546 | 80.16 |
1972 | 4,203,286 | 779,922 | 18.56 | 2,183,495 | 51.95 | 2,019,791 | 48.05 | 830,731 | 19.76 | 3,459,845 | 80.24 |
1973 | 4,290,576 | 799,715 | 18.64 | 2,234,648 | 52.08 | 2,055,928 | 47.92 | 857,908 | 20.00 | 3,508,186 | 80.00 |
1974 | 4,366,094 | 824,109 | 18.88 | 2,270,621 | 52.01 | 2,095,473 | 47.99 | 882,576 | 20.21 | 3,550,836 | 79.79 |
1975 | 4,433,412 | 827,874 | 18.67 | 2,308,774 | 52.08 | 2,124,638 | 47.92 | 886,884 | 20.00 | 3,594,308 | 80.00 |
1976 | 4,481,192 | 827,582 | 18.47 | 2,331,700 | 52.03 | 2,149,492 | 47.97 | 894,068 | 19.95 | 3,627,875 | 80.05 |
1977 | 4,521,943 | 823,848 | 18.22 | 2,353,927 | 52.06 | 2,168,016 | 47.94 | 891,943 | 19.72 | 3,690,328 | 80.28 |
1978 | 4,582,271 | 948,305 | 20.70 | 2,387,967 | 52.11 | 2,194,304 | 47.89 | 940,265 | 20.52 | 3,703,086 | 79.48 |
1979 | 4,643,351 | 992,761 | 21.38 | 2,420,686 | 52.13 | 2,222,665 | 47.87 | 1,003,276 | 21.61 | 3,696,810 | 78.39 |
1980 | 4,700,086 | 1,019,438 | 21.69 | 2,449,155 | 52.11 | 2,250,931 | 47.89 | 1,039,452 | 22.12 | 3,726,589 | 77.88 |
1981 | 4,766,041 | 1,046,890 | 21.97 | 2,489,027 | 52.22 | 2,277,014 | 47.78 | 1,072,702 | 22.51 | 3,772,166 | 77.49 |
1982 | 4,844,868 | 1,072,350 | 22.13 | 2,527,992 | 52.18 | 2,316,876 | 47.82 | 1,105,302 | 22.81 | 3,807,978 | 77.19 |
1983 | 4,913,280 | 1,097,558 | 22.34 | 2,562,729 | 52.16 | 2,350,551 | 47.84 | 1,135,401 | 23.11 | 3,834,138 | 76.89 |
1984 | 4,969,539 | 1,123,923 | 22.62 | 2,593,427 | 52.19 | 2,376,112 | 47.81 | 1,247,495 | 25.10 | 3,794,673 | 74.90 |
1985 | 5,042,168 | 1,157,176 | 22.95 | 2,631,652 | 52.19 | 2,410,516 | 47.81 | 1,292,901 | 25.64 | 3,834,397 | 74.36 |
1986 | 5,127,298 | 1,192,667 | 23.26 | 2,680,097 | 52.27 | 2,447,201 | 47.73 | 1,276,052 | 24.89 | 3,936,294 | 75.11 |
1987 | 5,212,346 | 1,226,819 | 23.54 | 2,721,147 | 52.21 | 2,491,199 | 47.79 | 1,317,406 | 25.27 | 4,029,491 | 74.73 |
1988 | 5,346,897 | 1,263,481 | 23.63 | 2,790,048 | 52.18 | 2,556,849 | 47.82 | 1,373,221 | 25.68 | 4,071,290 | 74.32 |
1989 | 5,444,511 | 1,301,171 | 23.90 | 2,838,683 | 52.14 | 2,605,828 | 47.86 | 1,401,767 | 25.75 | 4,098,766 | 74.25 |
1990 | 5,500,533 | 1,326,825 | 24.12 | 2,861,410 | 52.02 | 2,639,123 | 47.98 | 1,429,440 | 25.99 | 4,106,163 | 74.01 |
1991 | 5,535,603 | 1,349,865 | 24.39 | 2,881,298 | 52.05 | 2,654,305 | 47.95 | 1,449,901 | 26.19 | 4,103,942 | 73.81 |
1992 | 5,553,843 | 1,372,749 | 24.72 | 2,888,636 | 52.01 | 2,665,207 | 47.99 | 1,480,589 | 26.66 | 4,073,583 | 73.34 |
1993 | 5,554,172 | 1,387,087 | 24.97 | 2,887,752 | 51.99 | 2,666,420 | 48.01 | 1,511,184 | 27.21 | 4,083,201 | 72.79 |
1994 | 5,594,385 | 1,422,651 | 25.43 | 2,912,803 | 52.07 | 2,681,582 | 47.93 | 1,556,040 | 27.81 | 4,072,182 | 72.19 |
1995 | 5,628,222 | 1,454,461 | 25.84 | 2,919,369 | 51.87 | 2,708,853 | 48.13 | 1,601,864 | 28.46 | 4,073,475 | 71.54 |
1996 | 5,675,339 | 1,603,804 | 28.26 | 2,950,934 | 52.00 | 2,724,405 | 48.00 | 1,673,328 | 29.48 | 4,045,764 | 70.52 |
1997 | 5,719,092 | 1,634,412 | 28.58 | 2,960,697 | 51.77 | 2,758,395 | 48.23 | 1,709,754 | 29.90 | 4,059,033 | 70.10 |
1998 | 5,768,787 | 1,669,081 | 28.93 | 2,987,038 | 51.78 | 2,781,749 | 48.22 | 1,736,934 | 30.11 | 4,087,758 | 69.89 |
1999 | 5,824,692 | 1,714,606 | 29.44 | 3,011,434 | 51.70 | 2,813,258 | 48.30 | 1,809,828 | 31.07 | 4,022,066 | 68.93 |
2000 | 5,831,894 | 1,754,142 | 30.08 | 3,015,303 | 51.70 | 2,816,591 | 48.30 | 1,864,206 | 31.97 | 4,006,727 | 68.03 |
2001 | 5,870,933 | 1,807,670 | 30.79 | 3,030,648 | 51.62 | 2,840,285 | 48.38 | 1,918,942 | 32.69 | 4,035,650 | 67.31 |
2002 | 5,954,592 | 1,889,773 | 31.74 | 3,065,775 | 51.49 | 2,888,817 | 48.51 | 1,991,046 | 33.44 | 4,026,578 | 66.56 |
2003 | 6,017,624 | 1,962,561 | 32.61 | 3,093,901 | 51.41 | 2,923,723 | 48.59 | 2,058,257 | 34.20 | 4,045,587 | 65.80 |
2004 | 6,103,844 | 2,024,646 | 33.17 | 3,137,629 | 51.40 | 2,966,215 | 48.60 | 2,125,741 | 34.83 | 4,083,507 | 65.17 |
2005 | 6,209,248 | 2,086,476 | 33.60 | 3,186,039 | 51.31 | 3,023,209 | 48.69 | 2,180,688 | 35.12 | 4,129,270 | 64.88 |
2006 | 6,309,958 | 2,146,096 | 34.01 | 3,131,737 | 49.63 | 3,078,221 | 50.37 | 2,256,477 | 35.76 | 4,117,084 | 64.24 |
2007 | 6,373,561 | 2,187,488 | 34.32 | 3,258,991 | 51.13 | 3,114,570 | 48.87 | 2,305,611 | 36.17 | 4,111,756 | 63.83 |
2008 | 6,417,367 | 2,370,643 | 36.94 | 3,274,848 | 51.03 | 3,142,519 | 48.97 | 2,332,132 | 36.34 | 4,136,218 | 63.66 |
2009 | 6,468,350 | 2,391,675 | 36.98 | 3,292,771 | 50.91 | 3,175,579 | 49.09 | 2,347,616 | 36.29 | 4,120,734 | 63.71 |
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