鋰(原子量:6.941(2))共有10個已知同位素,質量數介於4-13之間,其中有2個是穩定的,其他都具有放射性。天然存在的鋰同位素有2個,分別是6Li和7Li,皆為穩定同位素,其中以7Li占天然鋰的大部分,豐度為92.41%。其他放射性同位素都不出現在自然界中,只有在實驗室製造出來過,且半衰期都極短,非常不穩定。一般來說,鹽湖鋰礦所含的鋰-6比例多低於海洋背景水平,茶卡鹽湖的尤其低;[2]方沸石所含的鋰-6含量稍高於背景值。
圖表
符號 | Z | N | 同位素質量(u) [n 1][n 2] |
半衰期 [n 2] |
衰變 方式[3] |
衰變 產物 [n 3] |
原子核 自旋 |
相對豐度 (莫耳分率)[4][n 2] |
相對豐度 的變化量 (莫耳分率)[5] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
激發能量[n 2] | |||||||||
3 Li |
3 | 0 | 775# 3.030[6] | p | 2 He |
||||
4 Li |
3 | 1 | 19(23) 4.027 | ×10−24 s 91(9) [] 6.03 MeV |
p | 3 He |
|||
5 Li |
3 | 2 | 54(5) 5.012 | ×10−23 s 37(3) [~] 1.5 MeV |
p | 4 He |
3/2− | ||
6 Li |
3 | 3 | 122795(16) 6.015 | 穩定 | 1+ | 0.0485(171) | [, 0.019] 0.078 | ||
7 Li [n 4] |
3 | 4 | 00455(8) 7.016 | 穩定 | 3/2− | 0.9515(171) | [, 0.922] 0.981 | ||
8 Li |
3 | 5 | 48736(10) 8.022 | 840.3(9) ms | β− | 8 Be [n 5] |
2+ | ||
9 Li |
3 | 6 | 7895(21) 9.026 | 178.3(4) ms | β−, n (50.8%) | 8 Be [n 6] |
3/2− | ||
β− (49.2%) | 9 Be | ||||||||
10 Li |
3 | 7 | 481(16) 10.035 | ×10−21 s 2.0(5) [] 1.2(3) MeV |
n | 9 Li |
(1−,2−) | ||
10m1 Li |
200(40) keV | ×10−21 s 3.7(15) | 1+ | ||||||
10m2 Li |
480(40) keV | ×10−21 s 1.35(24) | 2+ | ||||||
11 Li [n 7] |
3 | 8 | 798(21) 11.043 | 8.75(14) ms | β−, n (84.9%) | 10 Be |
3/2− | ||
β− (8.07%) | 11 Be | ||||||||
β−, 2n (4.1%) | 9 Be | ||||||||
β−, 3n (1.9%) | 8 Be [n 8] | ||||||||
β−, α (1.0%) | 7 He , 4 He | ||||||||
β−, SF (.014%) | 8 Li , 3 H | ||||||||
β−, SF (.013%) | 9 Li , 2 H | ||||||||
12 Li |
3 | 9 | 78(107)# 12.053 | < 10 ns | n | 11 Li |
|||
13 Li [7] |
3 | 10 | (13)# |
註釋
參考文獻
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