第二次反法同盟,1799年歐洲列強趁法軍大將拿破崙的軍隊被困埃及的時機,再次發起反法戰爭。這次神聖羅馬帝國聯同英國、土耳其、俄羅斯組成了第二次反法同盟。但同年底拿破崙隻身返國,發動霧月政變,任首席執政官,並取得法國軍政大權,成為法國第一執政。此後拿破崙親自指揮義大利方面軍,回頭對付反法各國,1800年6月14日拿破崙在馬倫哥之役大敗奧地利軍,帝國不得不與拿破崙議和,迫使第二次反法同盟解體。
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