六世祖檀毓,東晉步兵校尉。父檀江,回到北方,官至太常少卿,贈兗州刺史。檀翥十歲喪父,回到京師宅第,與營人雜居。他雖幼年孤寒,不與鄰人來往。好讀書,善寫文章,能鼓瑟,早被琅邪王誦所知。十九歲,以名家子為魏孝明帝挽郎。其後司州牧、城陽王元徽以檀翥為從事,他以病辭謝,客遊三輔。當時毛遐為行台,鎮北雍州,表檀翥為行台郎中。魏孝莊帝誅殺爾朱榮,毛遐派檀翥赴洛陽。擔任著作佐郎,郎中如故。爾朱天光東拒高歡,檀翥歷任西兗州錄事參軍、司空田曹參軍,加鎮遠將軍,兼殿中侍御史。御史台中表奏,都是檀翥所作。作為毛鴻賓的副手鎮潼關,加前將軍、太中大夫。魏孝武帝西遷,以守關迎賀勛,賜爵高唐縣子,兼中書舍人,修國史。西魏文帝大統初年,又兼著作佐郎。後以坐談議論輕躁,被黃門侍郎徐招所糾駁,死在廷尉獄中。
延伸閱讀
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