樁菇屬（學名：Paxillus，意為小型的木樁[2]），是牛肝菌目網褶菌科的一個屬。本屬物種生長在土讓或腐木上，有些物種具有蕈柄，有些則無。有別於典型牛肝菌目物種，網褶菌科的物種具有蕈褶，其中本屬的蕈褶常沿蕈柄向下延伸，且容易與蕈傘分離。蕈傘初長成時邊緣會稍微往內捲曲。孢子印顏色為黃棕色至橄欖黃色，擔孢子表面平滑[3]。本屬多數物種有毒而不可食用，其中模式種卷緣樁菇過去在中歐、東歐被認為是可食的，後來才發現其毒性足以致命[2]。
樁菇屬的物種常與樹木形成外菌根，是最常被用來研究外菌根的模式生物之一，其中又以卷緣樁菇為大宗。卷緣樁菇與絨毛樁菇的基因組均已被完整定序[4]。
物種
截至2018年10月，真菌資料庫Index Fungorum共記錄了本屬38種物種[5][6]。
- Paxillus albidulus
- 亞馬遜樁菇 Paxillus amazonicus
- Paxillus ammoniavirescens
- 奧爾樁菇 Paxillus atraetopus
- Paxillus brunneotomentosus
- Paxillus chalybaeus
- Paxillus coffeaceus
- Paxillus defibulatus
- Paxillus fasciculatus
- Paxillus fechtneri
- 絲樁菇 Paxillus filamentosus
- Paxillus guttatus
- Paxillus gymnopus
- Paxillus hortensis
- Paxillus ianthinophyllus
- 卷緣樁菇 Paxillus involutus，卷邊樁菇
- Paxillus ionipus
- Paxillus leoninus
- Paxillus maculatus
- Paxillus minutesquamulosus
- Paxillus obscurisporus
- Paxillus ochraceus
- 東方樁菇 Paxillus orientalis[7]
- Paxillus pahangensis
- Paxillus piperatus
- Paxillus polychrous
- 皺褶樁菇 Paxillus rhytidophyllus
- Paxillus robiniae
- 絨毛樁菇 Paxillus rubicundulus
- Paxillus scleropus
- Paxillus serbicus
- Paxillus squamosus
- Paxillus validus
- Paxillus velenovskyi
- Paxillusvernalis
- 滇樁菇 Paxillus yunnanensis
- Paxillus zerovae
參考資料
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