詞法學(英語:morphology,「組織與形態」[a]),又稱形態學[1]、構詞學,是語言學的一個分支,研究單詞(word)的內部結構和其形成方式。如英語的dog、dogs和dog-catcher有相當的關係,英語使用者能夠利用他們的背景知識來判斷此關係,對他們來說,dog和dogs的關係就如同cat和cats,dog和dog-catcher就如同dish和dishwasher。構詞學正是研究這種單字間組成的關係,並試著整理出其組成的規則。
「Lexeme」 是指英文字的本根,dog 是dogs和dog catcher 的字根。雖然三字的義意不同,也與其字的根源有所關聯。
dog 和 cat 有不同的字形(word form) 。另一方面,Dog 和 dog catcher 是有不同解釋的字詞(vocabulary),他們所指的是不同的實體。
英文字的原形,稱為詞條(lemma;原形),其引用形式(citation form),即是指可於字典上查詢的字詞的根本原形(vocabulary)。
morphology () is the study of words, how they are formed, and their relationship to other words in the same language.
形態學. 重編國語辭典修訂本. 中華民國教育部. [2022-10-02]. (原始內容存檔於2022-11-23).
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