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極端民族主義(英語:Ultranationalism)是一種意識形態,和傳統民族主義的概念完全不同,強調某個國家或民族在政治、經濟和社會領域的利益與統治地位。通常表現為對自己族群的優越感和極端支持,同時將其他國家,種族,宗教或文化社群視為敵對與次等,並加以歧視,排斥和仇恨,進而引發種族主義和迫害等問題。極端民族主義往往伴隨著侵略性和暴力傾向,可能採取戰爭或種族清洗等極端手段以實現政治目標,它與國家復興的概念共同構成了法西斯主義的關鍵基礎。[1]
加略斯·布加傑斯基(英語:Janusz Bugajski)認為,民族主義在最極端或發展到終極形態時,類似於法西斯主義,其特點是仇外蔑視,支持專制政治並靠近極權主義,強調魅力型領袖,一個組織上無定形的運動型政黨,以及國家之間的「有機統一」。 [2]
羅傑·格里芬(英語:Roger Griffin)指出,極端民族主義本質上是仇外的,並且會通過神化自己歷史上的偉大成就,或者強調對歷史宿敵的仇恨來實現自身的合法化。它有時還會利用庸俗的體質人類學、遺傳學和優生學來對種族優越感和種族前途做合理化解釋,並襯托其他種族的墮落和劣等的觀念。 [3]
二戰後被認為過是極端民族主義者的政黨:
Ultra-nationalist parties VMRO and the National Front for the Salvation of Bulgaria, along with populists Volya, have agreed to stand together in Bulgaria’s July 11, 2021 parliamentary elections under the name "Bulgarian Patriots", the parties announced on May 20.
A leader of Germany's ultranationalist AfD party in 2017 bemoaned how the country's focus on atoning ...
A married couple have run into trouble for forging the first local pact between Angela Merkel’s party and the ultranationalist Alternative for Germany (AfD) in defiance of the chancellor.
Smaller parties, such as the ultra-nationalist Greek Solution and leftist MeRA25, headed by Yanis Varoufakis, the former finance minister, were targeting younger Greeks.
...and far right-wing newspapers such as Alpha Ena, Eleytheros Kosmos, Eleytheri Ora and Stohos (the mouthpiece of ultra-nationalist group Chrysi Avgi).
The shifting dynamics around the new era name (gengō 元號) offers an opportunity to understand how the domestic politics of the LDP’s project of ultranationalism is shaping a new Japan and a new form of nationalism.
Abe also rewarded right-wing politicians who are close to him — so-called 『ideological friends』 who are being increasingly pushed to the forefront of his administration — such as LDP Executive Acting Secretary-General Koichi Hagiuda who was appointed Education Minister. As a member of the ultranationalist Nippon Kaigi (Japan Conference), which seeks to promote patriotic education, he can be considered 『reliable’ as the government’s policy leader on national education.
... Koizumi calls the war criminals 'martyrs', a view shared by many elderly veterans, Right-wing Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) lawmakers and ultra-nationalist groups . He now claims that he visits the shrine as a private citizen, not as the prime minister. It is an open secret in Japan that most LDP politicians are linked to ...
The overturning of the cab driver's 1998 sentiment in Akamatsu's 2007 piece had its political correlative in the victory of the ultranationalist wing of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) when Abe Shinzō became Japan's prime minister in ...
Finally, at the extreme right is the reorganized Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL) under Nicanor Yniguez, which remains loyal to Marcos.
Chiang Kai - Shek shook off the Soviet supervision and transmuted the Kuomintang into an ultranationalist movement
Slovak National Party: led by Jan Slota. Extreme nationalist
...Meciar established his 1994 coalition government with the extreme-nacionalist Slovak National Party (SNS), led by Ján Slota, mayor of Zilina...
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