普羅米修斯火山

普羅米修斯火山（Prometheus）是木星的衛星—木衛一上的一座活火山，它位於面向木星半球的南緯1.52度，西經153.94度處^[2]。

Thumb — 伽利略探測器拍攝的普羅米修斯火山及噴發束流的彩拼圖。右上部暗黑區是卵狀般的普羅米修斯火山口；岩漿源噴孔位於其正下方的狹窄「頸脖」處。從後者始，是向左延伸的西部熔岩流場，大部分的二氧化硫噴流都是從左側端的熔岩流場邊緣區噴發出來的^[1]。

普羅米修斯火山是由一座28公里（17英里）寬的普羅米修斯火山口和一條100公里（62英里）長的混合熔岩流所構成，環四周覆蓋著微紅的硫磺和圓形、發亮的二氧化硫火山噴發物^[3]。1979年3月，從旅行者1號探測器拍攝的照片中首次觀測到了該火山^[4]，同年稍晚，國際天文聯合會以希臘火神普羅米修斯之名命名了該特徵。

普羅米修斯為一處火山噴發點，自與1979年旅行者1號交會以來，該火山一直在持續噴發。在與旅行者1號交會和伽利略號探測器首次觀測之間，又形成了一塊6700平方公里（2600平方英里）的熔岩流場^[5]。後來伽利略探測器對該熔岩流場的觀測顯示出許多小的斷裂處，尤其是在熔岩流場的西端^[6]。

普羅米修斯火山是兩道火山噴發束流的源頭地：一束較小、富硫的噴流源自熔岩流場東端的岩漿源噴孔；另一束高達75到100公里（47到62英里）、富含二氧化硫塵埃的噴流柱是從另一端活躍的岩漿流鋒所噴發出來的^[3]。前者在普羅米修斯熔岩流場東面形成了一片彌散的紅色沉積區，而後者環整個火山和熔岩流周邊形成一片明亮的圓形沉積區。富含二氧化硫的噴流是覆蓋在熔岩流場西端的二氧化硫霜因受熱蒸發而成^[7]，是多個斷裂處產生的氣體和塵埃混合而成的可見塵埃噴流^[8]。旅行者1號、伽利略號和新視野號在每次恰當的拍攝時機都觀測到了普羅米修斯的噴發流束。

[1]
Leone, G.; Gerard Davies, A.; Wilson, L.; Williams, D. A.; Keszthelyi, L. P.; Jaeger, W. L.; Turtle, E. P. Volcanic history, geologic analysis and map of the Prometheus Patera region on Io. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 2009, 187 (1–2): 93–105. Bibcode:2009JVGR..187...93L. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.07.019.
[2]
Blue, Jennifer. Io Nomenclature: Eruptive center. USGS. October 1, 2008 [2008-10-01]. （原始內容存檔於2006-10-02）.
[3]
Davies, A. Prometheus and Amirani: effusive activity and insulated flows. Volcanism on Io: A Comparison with Earth. Cambridge University Press. 2007: 208–216. ISBN 978-0-521-85003-2.
[4]
Smith, B. A. The Jupiter system through the eyes of Voyager 1. Science. 1979, 204 (4396): 951–972. Bibcode:1979Sci...204..951S. PMID 17800430. S2CID 33147728. doi:10.1126/science.204.4396.951.
[5]
McEwen, A. S. Active Volcanism on Io as Seen by Galileo SSI. Icarus. 1998, 135 (1): 181–219. Bibcode:1998Icar..135..181M. doi:10.1006/icar.1998.5972.
[6]
Keszthelyi, L. Imaging of volcanic activity on Jupiter's moon Io by Galileo during the Galileo Europa Mission and the Galileo Millennium Mission. J. Geophys. Res. 2001, 106 (E12): 33025–33052. Bibcode:2001JGR...10633025K. doi:10.1029/2000JE001383.
[7]
Kieffer, S.W. Prometheus: Io's Wandering Plume. Science. 2000, 288 (5469): 1204–1208. Bibcode:2000Sci...288.1204K. PMID 10817989. doi:10.1126/science.288.5469.1204.
[8]
Milazzo, M. P. Observations and initial modeling of lava-SO
2 interactions at Prometheus, Io. J. Geophys. Res. 2001, 106 (E12): 33121–33128. Bibcode:2001JGR...10633121M. doi:10.1029/2000JE001410.

[Leone2009-1] [1]
Leone, G.; Gerard Davies, A.; Wilson, L.; Williams, D. A.; Keszthelyi, L. P.; Jaeger, W. L.; Turtle, E. P. Volcanic history, geologic analysis and map of the Prometheus Patera region on Io. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 2009, 187 (1–2): 93–105. Bibcode:2009JVGR..187...93L. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.07.019.

[Featurenames-2] [2]
Blue, Jennifer. Io Nomenclature: Eruptive center. USGS. October 1, 2008 [2008-10-01]. （原始內容存檔於2006-10-02）.

[IoVolcanismChap12-3] [3]
Davies, A. Prometheus and Amirani: effusive activity and insulated flows. Volcanism on Io: A Comparison with Earth. Cambridge University Press. 2007: 208–216. ISBN 978-0-521-85003-2.

[Smith1979-4] [4]
Smith, B. A. The Jupiter system through the eyes of Voyager 1. Science. 1979, 204 (4396): 951–972. Bibcode:1979Sci...204..951S. PMID 17800430. S2CID 33147728. doi:10.1126/science.204.4396.951.

[McEwen1998a-5] [5]
McEwen, A. S. Active Volcanism on Io as Seen by Galileo SSI. Icarus. 1998, 135 (1): 181–219. Bibcode:1998Icar..135..181M. doi:10.1006/icar.1998.5972.

[Keszthelyi2001-6] [6]
Keszthelyi, L. Imaging of volcanic activity on Jupiter's moon Io by Galileo during the Galileo Europa Mission and the Galileo Millennium Mission. J. Geophys. Res. 2001, 106 (E12): 33025–33052. Bibcode:2001JGR...10633025K. doi:10.1029/2000JE001383.

[Kieffer_2000-7] [7]
Kieffer, S.W. Prometheus: Io's Wandering Plume. Science. 2000, 288 (5469): 1204–1208. Bibcode:2000Sci...288.1204K. PMID 10817989. doi:10.1126/science.288.5469.1204.

[Milazzo2001-8] [8]
Milazzo, M. P. Observations and initial modeling of lava-SO
2 interactions at Prometheus, Io. J. Geophys. Res. 2001, 106 (E12): 33121–33128. Bibcode:2001JGR...10633121M. doi:10.1029/2000JE001410.

[2]

[1]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

Wikiwand in your browser!

普羅米修斯火山

Wikiwand in your browser!

描述

另請參閱

參考資料