昂丹司瓊

昂丹司瓊
臨床資料
商品名（英語：Drug nomenclature）	Zofran, Ondisolv, others
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a601209
懷孕分級	澳: B1 ; ;
給藥途徑	by mouth, rectal, IV, IM
ATC碼	A04AA01 (WHO) ;
法律規範狀態
法律規範	澳：限醫生處方（S4）; 加：處方藥（℞-only）; 英：處方藥（℞-only） (POM); 美：處方藥（℞-only）;
藥物動力學數據
生物利用度	~60%
血漿蛋白結合率	70%-76%
藥物代謝	Liver (CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2D6)
生物半衰期	5.7 hours
排泄途徑	Kidney
識別資訊
	IUPAC命名法 (RS)-9-methyl-3-[(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-carbazol-4(9H)-one; ;
CAS號	99614-02-5
PubChem CID	4595;
IUPHAR/BPS	2290;
DrugBank	DB00904 ;
ChemSpider	4434 ;
UNII	4AF302ESOS;
KEGG	D00456 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL46 ;
CompTox Dashboard（英語：CompTox Chemicals Dashboard） (EPA)	DTXSID8023393 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.110.918
化學資訊
化學式	C18H19N3O
摩爾質量	293.4 g/mol
3D模型（JSmol（英語：JSmol））	交互式圖像;
	SMILES O=C3c2c1ccccc1n(c2CCC3Cn4ccnc4C)C;
	InChI InChI=1S/C18H19N3O/c1-12-19-9-10-21(12)11-13-7-8-16-17(18(13)22)14-5-3-4-6-15(14)20(16)2/h3-6,9-10,13H,7-8,11H2,1-2H3 ; Key:FELGMEQIXOGIFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;

昂丹司瓊（Ondansetron），常見商品名 Zofran，是一種用於減少手術、化療、放射治療後，惡心嘔吐的藥物^[1]。亦可用於治療腸胃炎^[2]^[3]。但對於動暈症幾乎無治療效果^[4]。本品可經口服給藥，也可以肌肉注射或靜脈注射使用^[1]。

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常見的副作用包括腹瀉、頭痛、嗜睡和皮膚搔癢^[1]。嚴重的話可能誘發QT波延長或是全身性過敏反應^[1]。妊娠期間用藥似為安全，但相關證據仍不足夠^[1]。此藥物是一種高專一性的血清素5-HT₃受體拮抗劑（英語：5-HT3 antagonist）^[1]，並不會針對多巴胺受體或蕈鹼類受器^[5]。

昂丹司瓊在1990年首次被作為藥物使用^[6]。本品列名於世界衛生組織基本藥物標準清單，該清單紀錄了一般衛生體系最需要的藥物^[7]。目前已是學名藥^[1]。其於開發中國家的每劑注射劑型批發價約介於0.1到0.76美金^[8]。在美國，每顆藥物大約花費1.37美金^[1]。

參考文獻

[1]
Ondansetron Hydrochloride. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [February 11, 2017]. （原始內容存檔於2016-05-03）.
[2]
Schnadower, D; Finkelstein, Y; Freedman, SB. Ondansetron and probiotics in the management of pediatric acute gastroenteritis in developed countries.. Current Opinion in Gastroenterology. January 2015, 31 (1): 1–6. PMID 25333367. doi:10.1097/mog.0000000000000132.
[3]
Freedman, SB; Ali, S; Oleszczuk, M; Gouin, S; Hartling, L. Treatment of acute gastroenteritis in children: an overview of systematic reviews of interventions commonly used in developed countries.. Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal. July 2013, 8 (4): 1123–37. PMID 23877938. doi:10.1002/ebch.1932.
[4]
Sutton, M; Mounsey, AL; Russell, RG. FPIN's Clinical Inquiries. Treatment of motion sickness.. American Family Physician. 15 July 2012, 86 (2): 192–5. PMID 22962932.
[5]
Miloro, ed. by Michael. Peterson's principles of oral and maxillofacial surgery. 3rd. Shelton, CT: People's Medical Pub. House-USA. 2012: 86 [2018-02-03]. ISBN 978-1-60795-111-7. （原始內容存檔於2016-02-01）.
[6]
Sneader, Walter. Drug discovery: a history Rev. and updated. Chichester: Wiley. 2005: 217 [2018-02-03]. ISBN 978-0-471-89979-2. （原始內容存檔於2016-02-01）.
[7]
WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List) (PDF). World Health Organization. April 2015 [8 December 2016]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2016-12-13）.
[8]
Ondansetron. International Drug Price Indicator Guide. [26 January 2016]. （原始內容存檔於2017-05-10）.

外部連結

U.S. National Library of Medicine: Drug Information Portal – Ondansetron （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

Template:5-HT3 antagonists

[AHFS2016-1] [1]
Ondansetron Hydrochloride. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [February 11, 2017]. （原始內容存檔於2016-05-03）.

[2] [2]
Schnadower, D; Finkelstein, Y; Freedman, SB. Ondansetron and probiotics in the management of pediatric acute gastroenteritis in developed countries.. Current Opinion in Gastroenterology. January 2015, 31 (1): 1–6. PMID 25333367. doi:10.1097/mog.0000000000000132.

[3] [3]
Freedman, SB; Ali, S; Oleszczuk, M; Gouin, S; Hartling, L. Treatment of acute gastroenteritis in children: an overview of systematic reviews of interventions commonly used in developed countries.. Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal. July 2013, 8 (4): 1123–37. PMID 23877938. doi:10.1002/ebch.1932.

[4] [4]
Sutton, M; Mounsey, AL; Russell, RG. FPIN's Clinical Inquiries. Treatment of motion sickness.. American Family Physician. 15 July 2012, 86 (2): 192–5. PMID 22962932.

[Mil2012-5] [5]
Miloro, ed. by Michael. Peterson's principles of oral and maxillofacial surgery. 3rd. Shelton, CT: People's Medical Pub. House-USA. 2012: 86 [2018-02-03]. ISBN 978-1-60795-111-7. （原始內容存檔於2016-02-01）.

[6] [6]
Sneader, Walter. Drug discovery: a history Rev. and updated. Chichester: Wiley. 2005: 217 [2018-02-03]. ISBN 978-0-471-89979-2. （原始內容存檔於2016-02-01）.

[WHO19th-7] [7]
WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List) (PDF). World Health Organization. April 2015 [8 December 2016]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2016-12-13）.

[8] [8]
Ondansetron. International Drug Price Indicator Guide. [26 January 2016]. （原始內容存檔於2017-05-10）.

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