奧瑪亞大清真寺 (始建於705年)是伊斯蘭教 最主要的清真寺 之一,位於敘利亞 首都大馬士革 。該寺被認為是伊斯蘭教的第四大聖寺。
Quick Facts 奧米亞大清真寺 جامع بني أمية الكبير, 基本資訊 ...
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奧瑪亞清真寺
穆斯林在奧瑪亞清真寺中做禮拜
伊斯蘭教先知葉海亞的陵墓(拱北)
薩拉丁的陵墓(拱北)
奧瑪亞清真寺最早是羅馬帝國 時期的朱庇特 神殿,在392年羅馬帝國定基督教 為國教後改為聖約翰大教堂 (紀念施洗約翰 ),為正教會安提阿牧首區 下大馬士革主教的主教座堂。敘利亞於7世紀為阿拉伯人 征服後,聖約翰大教堂一度仍歸基督教徒做禮拜 之用。705年,奧瑪亞王朝 的哈里發 瓦利德一世 接收了這座教堂,將其改為清真寺。瓦利德一世從拜占庭 、敘利亞、埃及 等地招集工匠,歷時十年將清真寺建成。
在改造過程中,教堂的長方形布局被保存下來,但其餘部分有多少被留用則不得而知。可以肯定的是,奧瑪亞清真寺有兩座尖塔原來是教堂的望樓,第三座光塔則為瓦利德一世所建。
歷史上,奧瑪亞清真寺曾經三次被焚毀。第一次是在1069年清真寺發生火災;第二次是在1400年,中亞 的征服者帖木兒 圍攻大馬士革 時縱火燒毀了清真寺;第三次是在1893年,清真寺再度發生火災。
今天,奧瑪亞清真寺中同時保存有先知葉哈雅 和薩拉丁 的陵墓。
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