先光海葵屬

中華先光海葵; 化石時期：寒武紀第三期, 518 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ▼
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	刺胞動物門 Cnidaria
綱：	珊瑚綱 Anthozoa
目：	海葵目 Actiniaria
屬：	†先光海葵屬 Xianguangia
種：	中華先光海葵 X. sinica
二名法
	Xianguangia sinica; Chen & Erdtmann, 1991
異名
	Chengjiangopenna wangii; Galeaplumosus abilus

先光海葵屬（學名：Xianguangia）是一種來自中國澄江生物群的軟體海葵類化石動物。^[2]該物種的屬名來自中國古生物學家侯先光。

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先光海葵體呈圓柱形，口盤周圍有一圈近16條觸手，與現代珊瑚蟲相似。觸手呈羽毛狀，在軸的兩側有密集的小羽，這很適合濾食。底部的碗形附著盤可能通常被埋在沉積物中，以允許其在海底的固定策略。踏板盤上方的身體寬闊且呈圓柱形，可能對應於內部胃血管腔。它在表面上顯示出幾個明顯的縱向凹槽和脊，表明可能存在腸繫膜。^[3]然，而它的系統發生親和力仍然存在疑問；^[3]它甚至被指稱與埃迪卡拉生物群的成員有關。^[4]

這些化石是在中國雲南省發現的，最初被描述為三個不同的物種，分別為Xianguangia sinica 、Chengjiangopenna wangii和Galeaplumosus abilus，然後在2017年被提議組合成一個物種，也就是Xianguangia sinica。^[5]該物種是息肉狀的，它的胃腔被隔膜隔開；它的固定器中有第二個體腔，還有密密麻麻的羽毛狀觸鬚，這表明它是濾食性動物。早期的刺胞動物可能也是底棲懸索動物，這與後來主要是掠食性的刺胞動物不同。^[5]

[1]
Yang, C.; Li, X.-H.; Zhu, M.; Condon, D. J.; Chen, J. Geochronological constraint on the Cambrian Chengjiang biota, South China (PDF). Journal of the Geological Society. 2018, 175 (4): 659–666 [2023-02-15]. ISSN 0016-7649. doi:10.1144/jgs2017-103. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2022-10-09）（英語）.
[2]
Erwin, D. H.; Laflamme, M.; Tweedt, S. M.; Sperling, E. A.; Pisani, D.; Peterson, K. J. The Cambrian Conundrum: Early Divergence and Later Ecological Success in the Early History of Animals. Science. 2011, 334 (6059): 1091–1097. Bibcode:2011Sci...334.1091E. PMID 22116879. S2CID 7737847. doi:10.1126/science.1206375.
[3]
Qian-Ping Leia; et al. Sedentary habits of anthozoa-like animals in the Chengjiang Lagerstätte: Adaptive strategies for Phanerozoic-style soft substrates. Gondwana Research. 2013, 25 (3): 966–974. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2013.01.007.
[4]
Han, J.; Kubota, S.; Uchida, H. O.; Stanley Jr, G. D.; Yao, X.; Shu, D.; Li, Y.; Yasui, K. Lalueza-Fox, Carles , 編. Tiny Sea Anemone from the Lower Cambrian of China. PLOS ONE. 2010, 5 (10): e13276. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...513276H. PMC 2954142 . PMID 20967244. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013276 .
[5]
Ou, Qiang; Han, Jian; Zhang, Zhifei; Shu, Degan; Sun, Ge; Mayer, Georg. Three Cambrian fossils assembled into an extinct body plan of cnidarian affinity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2017-07-31, 114 (33): 8835–8840. PMC 5565419 . PMID 28760981. doi:10.1073/pnas.1701650114 .

[1] [1]
Yang, C.; Li, X.-H.; Zhu, M.; Condon, D. J.; Chen, J. Geochronological constraint on the Cambrian Chengjiang biota, South China (PDF). Journal of the Geological Society. 2018, 175 (4): 659–666 [2023-02-15]. ISSN 0016-7649. doi:10.1144/jgs2017-103. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2022-10-09）（英語）.

[Erwin2011-2] [2]
Erwin, D. H.; Laflamme, M.; Tweedt, S. M.; Sperling, E. A.; Pisani, D.; Peterson, K. J. The Cambrian Conundrum: Early Divergence and Later Ecological Success in the Early History of Animals. Science. 2011, 334 (6059): 1091–1097. Bibcode:2011Sci...334.1091E. PMID 22116879. S2CID 7737847. doi:10.1126/science.1206375.

[Qian-Ping2013-3] [3]
Qian-Ping Leia; et al. Sedentary habits of anthozoa-like animals in the Chengjiang Lagerstätte: Adaptive strategies for Phanerozoic-style soft substrates. Gondwana Research. 2013, 25 (3): 966–974. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2013.01.007.

[Han2010-4] [4]
Han, J.; Kubota, S.; Uchida, H. O.; Stanley Jr, G. D.; Yao, X.; Shu, D.; Li, Y.; Yasui, K. Lalueza-Fox, Carles , 編. Tiny Sea Anemone from the Lower Cambrian of China. PLOS ONE. 2010, 5 (10): e13276. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...513276H. PMC 2954142 . PMID 20967244. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013276 .

[Ou_Han_Zhang_Shu_pp._8835–8840-5] [5]
Ou, Qiang; Han, Jian; Zhang, Zhifei; Shu, Degan; Sun, Ge; Mayer, Georg. Three Cambrian fossils assembled into an extinct body plan of cnidarian affinity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2017-07-31, 114 (33): 8835–8840. PMC 5565419 . PMID 28760981. doi:10.1073/pnas.1701650114 .

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