托马斯·哈代,OM(Thomas Hardy,1840年6月2日—1928年1月11日),英国作家,生于农村没落贵族家庭。
生平
哈代于英国多尔切斯特攻读建筑,及后于1862年前往伦敦,并成为伦敦国王学院学生,学习建筑工程,同时从事文学、哲学和神学的研究。哈代当过几年建筑师,曾获英国皇家建筑师协会及建筑联盟学院奖项,后致力于文学创作。
创作特色
他一生写了许多作品,他的小说多以农村生活为背景,前期作品长篇小说《绿荫下》、《远离尘嚣》,将宗法制农村生活理想化,反对工业化城市文明。以后作品现实主义成分逐渐加强。长篇小说《还乡》、《卡斯特桥市长》和《林中居民》,通过书中人物的悲惨遭遇,反映工业化势力深入农村后英国宗法制农村的巨大变化。《德伯家的苔丝》和《无名的裘德》是他的两部代表作长篇小说,前者描写农村姑娘遭受富人迫害以至毁灭的悲剧,后者描写农村青年在工业社会中理想被毁灭的故事。他晚年转向诗歌创作,写出诗剧《统治者》,痛斥给人民带来苦难的暴君。
他所写作品对人民贫穷不幸的生活充满同情,对工业文明和道德作了深刻的揭露和批判,但他的作品也带有一些悲观情绪和宿命论色彩。
作品
哈代具有诗人与小说家的双重身份,除了小品文,长篇小说、短篇小说、诗歌、诗剧,皆有质量上的创作,自1871年发表一部长篇小说后,每隔一二年就出版一部小说,共出版十四部长篇小说,有七部被列为英国小说中的伟大作品。
- 《绝望的救济》Desperate Remedies: A Novel (1871)
- 《绿荫下》Under the Greenwood Tree: A Rural Painting of the Dutch School (1872)
- 《一双蓝眼睛》A Pair of Blue Eyes: A Novel (1873)
- 《远离尘嚣》Far from the Madding Crowd (1874)
- 《贝妲的婚姻》The Hand of Ethelberta: A Comedy in Chapters (1876)
- 《还乡》The Return of the Native (1878)
- 《司令长》The Trumpet-Major (1880)
- 《冷漠的人》A Laodicean: A Story of To-day (1881)
- 《塔上恋人》Two on a Tower: A Romance (1882)
- 《卡斯特桥市长》The Mayor of Casterbridge: The Life and Death of a Man of Character (1886)
- 《林居人》The Woodlanders (1887)
- 《德伯家的苔丝:一个纯洁的少女》Tess of the d'Urbervilles: A Pure Woman Faithfully Presented (1891)
- 《深受爱载者》The Well-Beloved: A Sketch of a Temperament (1897) (first published as a serial from 1892)
- 《无名的裘德》Jude the Obscure (1895)
- 《牛奶女工的浪漫冒险》"The Romantic Adventures of a Milkmaid" (1883) (collected in A Changed Man and Other Stories)
- 《三个陌生人》"The Three Strangers" (1883) (collected in Wessex Tales)
- 《威塞克斯故事集》Wessex Tales (1888, a collection of short stories)
- 《一群高贵的淑女》A Group of Noble Dames (1891, a collection of short stories)
- 《生活的小讽刺》Life's Little Ironies (1894, a collection of short stories)
- 《威塞克斯的诗与其他》Wessex Poems and Other Verses (1898)
- 《过去与现在的诗》Poems of the Past and the Present (1901)
- 《时光的笑柄》Time's Laughingstocks and Other Verses (1909)
- 《现实的讽刺》Satires of Circumstance (1914)
- 《幻想时刻》Moments of Vision (1917)
- 《诗集》Collected Poems (1919)
- 《晚期与早期抒情诗》Late Lyrics and Earlier with Many Other Verses (1922)
- 《人间万象、遥远之梦:歌谣与琐事》Human Shows, Far Phantasies, Songs and Trifles (1925)
- 《心境与格律的冬词》Winter Words in Various Moods and Metres (1928)
- 《王朝:拿破仑与战争的诗戏》(The Dynasts: An Epic-Drama of the War with Napoleon (verse drama)
- 《王朝》第一部The Dynasts, Part 1 (1904))
- 《王朝》第二部(The Dynasts, Part 2 (1906)
- 《王朝》第三部(The Dynasts, Part 3 (1908)
- 《康沃尔女王的悲剧》The Famous Tragedy of the Queen of Cornwall at Tintagel in Lyonnesse (1923)
外部链接
- The Thomas Hardy Association (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (TTHA)
- WorldCat 联合目录中托马斯·哈代的著作或与之相关的著作
- Thomas Hardy的作品 - 古腾堡计划
- Works by Thomas Hardy at Internet Archive
- Works by Thomas Hardy in audio format (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) from LibriVox
- Poems by Thomas Hardy (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) at Poetry Foundation
- Poems by Thomas Hardy (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) at PoemHunter.com
- A Hyper-Concordance to the Works of Thomas Hardy at the Victorian Literary Studies Archive, Nagoya University, Japan
- "The Dead Man Walking" (1909) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) and other Hardy poems at poetry-archive.com
- Thomas Hardy's Wessex Research site, including maps, by Dr Birgit Plietzsch
- Works by Thomas Hardy (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) in e-book and audiobook version
- Thomas Hardy's ashes at Westminster Abbey (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Pictures of Thomas Hardy visiting Marie Stopes at her lighthouse home on Portland, Dorset
- The Thomas Hardy Society (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- The Life and Death of Thomas Hardy @ Ward's Book of Days (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Hardy Collection at the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin
Wikiwand in your browser!
Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.
Every time you click a link to Wikipedia, Wiktionary or Wikiquote in your browser's search results, it will show the modern Wikiwand interface.
Wikiwand extension is a five stars, simple, with minimum permission required to keep your browsing private, safe and transparent.