James S. Hirsch, Riot and Remembrance: The Tulsa Race War and Its Legacy, Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 2002. Rob Hower, 1921 Tulsa RaceRiot: The American
聖路易斯大屠殺 1862 – Buffalo riot of 1862(英语:Buffalo riot of 1862), August 12, 水牛城 1863 – Detroit raceriot of 1863(英语:Detroit raceriot of 1863), March 6 1863