human existence

city）有很多种不同的含义——可能只是指“事实性”（factuality）和“偶然性”，也有可能是指关于人类存在（human existence）的种种棘手的境况（英语：human condition）（intractable conditions）。 最早使用这个术语的是德国哲学家約翰·戈特利

scholarship, an association of learning, and a dynamic process discoverable for oneself; and learning or becoming is the highest ideal of human existence.

Coming into Existence）。在此書中，David認為不論出生者事後的幸福感如何，出生都是一種嚴重傷害，所以任何創造有感覺的生物的行為均屬不道德。 2006, Better Never to Have Been: The Harm of Coming into Existence.（繁中譯本

Decoration. -9 Intellect, understanding. -1 Super- human power. -11 The three objects of human existence taken collectively (धर्म, अर्थ and काम). -12 The

(2015). “A sociolinguistic survey of the languages of Manang, Nepal: Co-existence and endangerment.” NFDIN Journal, 14.6: 104-122. Pettigrew, Judith. (1999)