奥斯曼帝国和卡扎尔伊朗在間接證據將某人與罪行聯繫起來的情況下會使用酷刑，但伊斯蘭教法傳統上認為酷刑下取得的證據（英语：evidence obtained under torture）不予接受。酷刑在17世紀的歐洲依舊為合法，但行動有所收斂。酷刑於18世紀和19世紀初正式廢除後，對歐洲刑事司法體系（英语：Criminal

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compared to leaderless ones. The mapping data were obtained by the use of informants and torture and were used to obtain the identities of important

耶德瓦布内大屠杀

point, the statements were all retracted in court as having been obtained through torture." Polish-language original text: "Osobnym problemem są mieszkańcy

evidence obtained under torture

来自维基百科，自由的百科全书

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酷刑

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compared to leaderless ones. The mapping data were obtained by the use of informants and torture and were used to obtain the identities of important

耶德瓦布内大屠杀

point, the statements were all retracted in court as having been obtained through torture." Polish-language original text: "Osobnym problemem są mieszkańcy