Changes in Tocharian: Volume I: From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Tocharian. New Haven, CT: American Oriental Society. Douglas Adams, "Ablaut and Umlaut in
CITEREFMalloryMair2000 (幫助) Adams, Douglas Q. Tocharian Historical Phonology and Morphology. 1988: 2–4. ISBN 978-0-940490-71-0. Tocharian Online: Series Introduction (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)