to repeated drug administration, and is unmasked during withdrawal, which occurs when drug taking stops. Dependence from long-term druguse may have both
use in the United States?. National Institute on Drug Abuse. [2018-12-10]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-10) (英语). Valencia, Marie. Record 29 million people drug-dependent
Use and Dependence. World Health Organization. 2004: 97– [2018-01-05]. ISBN 978-92-4-156235-5. (原始内容存档于2020-12-22). Statistical tables. World Drug Report