曾於1204年-1205年間短暫擔任魯姆蘇丹國的蘇丹 。 Claude Cahen, The Formation of Turkey: The Seljukid Sultanate of Rum: Eleventh to Fourteenth, transl. & ed. P.M. Holt, (Pearson
groups of the greatest import in the history of Europe and W Asia were, however, the Seljuks and the Osmanli or Ottoman Turks, both members of the Oghuz
Development of the Komnenian Army: 1081–1180. Brill. 2002. ISBN 90-04-11710-5. Komnene (Comnena), Anna; Sewter, Edgar Robert Ashton. The Alexiad of Anna Comnena