Fool's literature

头鹰”在古希腊被认作智慧之鸟，中世纪时又当作魔鬼之鸟，这些意象的含义恰恰体现出捣蛋鬼提尔的多样性格。这种中世纪常见的愚人文学（英语：Fool's literature）体裁借捣蛋鬼之口对权威和社会现实进行讽刺，他手持的镜子就象征了对时代精神的折射。 捣蛋鬼提尔在故事里并不是宫廷里插科打诨的弄臣，开

Colloquium on Literature and History in Contemporary China, University of Vienna. 2007, Nov. “The Folk and the Fool in Root-seeking Literature.” At Eötvös Loránd

Popular Literature（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） - Several scientific papers from the University of Minnesota Brief bio Leo Tolstoy's Life（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） - Tolstoy's personal

[2007-04-18]. （原始内容存档于2007-12-17）.  Watson, Charles S. Simms's Review of Uncle Tom's Cabin. American Literature: 365－368页.  Brophy, Alfred L. Over and above

Project MUSE - Rudyard Kipling, The Vampire, and the Actress. English Literature in Transition, 1880-1920. 2012, 55 (3): 303–314.  Kipling, Rudyard. The