防汛或防洪是指人们采取各种措施来减少洪水造成的危害[1]。这些措施包括种植植被、在山坡上修筑梯田来减缓水流以及建造泄洪槽。其他措施还包括建造堤坝、人工湖泊、水坝、水库、调整池，以便在洪水泛滥时人们将洪水排入这些人工建筑[1]。
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