镝(原子量:162.500(1))的同位素中有7个是存在于自然界的稳定同位素,分别是156Dy、158Dy和160Dy至164Dy。自然同位素中丰度最高的是比例为28%的164Dy,紧接着的是比例为26%的162Dy。丰度最低的是比例为0.06%的156Dy。[3]
Quick Facts 同位素, 衰变 ...
主要的镝同位素
同位素
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衰变
|
|
丰度
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半衰期 (t1/2)
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方式
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能量 (MeV)
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产物
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154Dy
|
人造
|
1.40×106 年[1]
|
α
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2.945
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150Gd
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156Dy
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0.056%
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稳定,带90粒中子
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158Dy
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0.095%
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稳定,带92粒中子
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160Dy
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2.329%
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稳定,带94粒中子
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161Dy
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18.889%
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稳定,带95粒中子
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162Dy
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25.475%
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稳定,带96粒中子
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163Dy
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24.896%
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稳定,带97粒中子
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164Dy
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28.260%
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稳定,带98粒中子
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165Dy
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人造
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2.332 小时
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β−
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1.286
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165Ho
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标准原子质量 (Ar, 标准) | |
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Close
通过人工合成,科学家共发现了29种放射性同位素,其原子量在138和173之间。最稳定的是154Dy,其半衰期约为1.40×106年;接着是半衰期为144.4天的159Dy。最不稳定的是138Dy,其半衰期只有200毫秒。比稳定同位素轻的同位素主要进行β+衰变;除个别特例之外,更重的同位素主要进行β−衰变。154Dy主要进行α衰变,152Dy和159Dy则主要进行电子捕获。[3]镝拥有至少11种同核异构体(亚稳态),原子量在140和165之间。最稳定的是165mDy,其半衰期为1.257分钟。149Dy有两种亚稳态,第二种(149m2Dy)的半衰期只有28纳秒。[3]
164Dy是理论上最重的稳定同位素,任何更重的同位素,理论上都会进行α衰变,但是在铅-208以下,绝大部分的同位素都尚未观测到此衰变。[4]
More information 符号, Z ...
符号
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Z
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N
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同位素质量(u) [n 1][n 2]
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半衰期 [n 1][n 2]
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衰变 方式[5]
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衰变 产物 [n 3][n 4]
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原子核 自旋[n 1]
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相对丰度 (莫耳分率)[n 2]
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相对丰度 的变化量 (莫耳分率)
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激发能量[n 2]
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138Dy
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66
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72
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137.96249(64)#
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200# ms
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|
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0+
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|
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139Dy
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66
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73
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138.95954(54)#
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600(200) ms
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|
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7/2+#
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|
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140Dy
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66
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74
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139.95401(54)#
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700# ms
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β+
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140Tb
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0+
|
|
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140mDy
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2166.1(5) keV
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7.0(5) µs
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|
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(8-)
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|
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141Dy
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66
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75
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140.95135(32)#
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0.9(2) s
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β+
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141Tb
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(9/2-)
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|
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β+, p (不常见)
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140Gd
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142Dy
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66
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76
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141.94637(39)#
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2.3(3) s
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β+ (99.94%)
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142Tb
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0+
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|
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β+, p (.06%)
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141Gd
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143Dy
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66
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77
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142.94383(21)#
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5.6(10) s
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β+
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143Tb
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(1/2+)
|
|
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β+, p (不常见)
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142Gd
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143mDy
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310.7(6) keV
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3.0(3) s
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|
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(11/2-)
|
|
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144Dy
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66
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78
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143.93925(3)
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9.1(4) s
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β+
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144Tb
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0+
|
|
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β+, p (不常见)
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143Gd
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145Dy
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66
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79
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144.93743(5)
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9.5(10) s
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β+
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145Tb
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(1/2+)
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|
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β+, p (不常见)
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144Gd
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145mDy
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118.2(2) keV
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14.1(7) s
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β+
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145Tb
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(11/2-)
|
|
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146Dy
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66
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80
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145.932845(29)
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33.2(7) s
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β+
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146Tb
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0+
|
|
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146mDy
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2935.7(6) keV
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150(20) ms
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IT
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146Dy
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(10+)#
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|
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147Dy
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66
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81
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146.931092(21)
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40(10) s
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β+ (99.95%)
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147Tb
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1/2+
|
|
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β+, p (.05%)
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146Tb
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147m1Dy
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750.5(4) keV
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55(1) s
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β+ (65%)
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147Tb
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11/2-
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|
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IT (35%)
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147Dy
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147m2Dy
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3407.2(8) keV
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0.40(1) µs
|
|
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(27/2-)
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|
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148Dy
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66
|
82
|
147.927150(11)
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3.3(2) min
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β+
|
148Tb
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0+
|
|
|
149Dy
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66
|
83
|
148.927305(9)
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4.20(14) min
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β+
|
149Tb
|
7/2(-)
|
|
|
149mDy
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2661.1(4) keV
|
490(15) ms
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IT (99.3%)
|
149Dy
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(27/2-)
|
|
|
β+ (.7%)
|
149Tb
|
150Dy
|
66
|
84
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149.925585(5)
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7.17(5) min
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β+ (64%)
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150Tb
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0+
|
|
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α (36%)
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146Gd
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151Dy
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66
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85
|
150.926185(4)
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17.9(3) min
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β+ (94.4%)
|
151Tb
|
7/2(-)
|
|
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α (5.6%)
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147Gd
|
152Dy
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66
|
86
|
151.924718(6)
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2.38(2) h
|
ε (99.9%)
|
152Tb
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0+
|
|
|
α (.1%)
|
148Gd
|
153Dy
|
66
|
87
|
152.925765(5)
|
6.4(1) h
|
β+ (99.99%)
|
153Tb
|
7/2(-)
|
|
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α (.00939%)
|
149Gd
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154Dy
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66
|
88
|
153.924424(8)
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3.0(15)×106 a
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α
|
150Gd
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0+
|
|
|
155Dy
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66
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89
|
154.925754(13)
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9.9(2) h
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β+
|
155Tb
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3/2-
|
|
|
155mDy
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234.33(3) keV
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6(1) µs
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|
|
11/2-
|
|
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156Dy
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66
|
90
|
155.924283(7)
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观测上稳定[n 5]
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0+
|
5.6(3)×10−4
|
|
157Dy
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66
|
91
|
156.925466(7)
|
8.14(4) h
|
β+
|
157Tb
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3/2-
|
|
|
157m1Dy
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161.99(3) keV
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1.3(2) µs
|
|
|
9/2+
|
|
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157m2Dy
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199.38(7) keV
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21.6(16) ms
|
IT
|
157Dy
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11/2-
|
|
|
158Dy
|
66
|
92
|
157.924409(4)
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观测上稳定[n 6]
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0+
|
9.5(3)×10−4
|
|
159Dy
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66
|
93
|
158.9257392(29)
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144.4(2) d
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ε
|
159Tb
|
3/2-
|
|
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159mDy
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352.77(14) keV
|
122(3) µs
|
|
|
11/2-
|
|
|
160Dy
|
66
|
94
|
159.9251975(27)
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观测上稳定[n 7]
|
0+
|
0.02329(18)
|
|
161Dy
|
66
|
95
|
160.9269334(27)
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观测上稳定[n 8]
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5/2+
|
0.18889(42)
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162Dy
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66
|
96
|
161.9267984(27)
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观测上稳定[n 9]
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0+
|
0.25475(36)
|
|
163Dy
|
66
|
97
|
162.9287312(27)
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稳定[n 10][6]
|
5/2-
|
0.24896(42)
|
|
164Dy
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66
|
98
|
163.9291748(27)
|
稳定
|
0+
|
0.28260(54)
|
|
165Dy
|
66
|
99
|
164.9317033(27)
|
2.334(1) h
|
β−
|
165Ho
|
7/2+
|
|
|
165mDy
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108.160(3) keV
|
1.257(6) min
|
IT (97.76%)
|
165Dy
|
1/2-
|
|
|
β− (2.24%)
|
165Ho
|
166Dy
|
66
|
100
|
165.9328067(28)
|
81.6(1) h
|
β−
|
166Ho
|
0+
|
|
|
167Dy
|
66
|
101
|
166.93566(6)
|
6.20(8) min
|
β−
|
167Ho
|
(1/2-)
|
|
|
168Dy
|
66
|
102
|
167.93713(15)
|
8.7(3) min
|
β−
|
168Ho
|
0+
|
|
|
169Dy
|
66
|
103
|
168.94031(32)
|
39(8) s
|
β−
|
169Ho
|
(5/2-)
|
|
|
170Dy
|
66
|
104
|
169.94239(21)#
|
30# s
|
β−
|
170Ho
|
0+
|
|
|
171Dy
|
66
|
105
|
170.94620(32)#
|
6# s
|
β−
|
171Ho
|
7/2-#
|
|
|
172Dy
|
66
|
106
|
171.94876(43)#
|
3# s
|
β−
|
172Ho
|
0+
|
|
|
173Dy
|
66
|
107
|
172.95300(54)#
|
2# s
|
β−
|
173Ho
|
9/2+#
|
|
|
Close
画上#号的数据代表没有经过实验的证明,仅为理论推测。
Believed to undergo α decay to 152Gd or β+β+ decay to 156Gd with a half-life over 1018 years
Believed to undergo α decay to 154Gd or β+β+ decay to 158Gd
Believed to undergo α decay to 156Gd
Believed to undergo α decay to 157Gd
Believed to undergo α decay to 158Gd
Can undergo [[Beta_decay#Bound-state_β−_decay|bound-state β− decay]] to 163Ho with a half-life of 47 days when fully ionized
Chiera, Nadine Mariel; Dressler, Rugard; Sprung, Peter; Talip, Zeynep; Schumann, Dorothea. High precision half-life measurement of the extinct radio-lanthanide Dysprosium-154. Scientific Reports (Springer Science and Business Media LLC). 2022-05-28, 12 (1). ISSN 2045-2322. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-12684-6.
Belli, P.; Bernabei, R.; Danevich, F.A.; Incicchitti, A.; Tretyak, V.I. Experimental searches for rare alpha and beta decays. Eur. Phys. J. A. August 2019, 55: 140. doi:10.1140/epja/i2019-12823-2.
存档副本. [2015-09-20]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-19).
M. Jung et al., Phys. Rev. Letts. 69, 2164 (1992) First observation of bound-state beta minus decay.
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.