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此条目介绍的是一种植物分类。关于生长于辣椒属植物上、可用于食物的果实，请见“辣椒 (果实)”。辣椒属（学名：Capsicum）是茄目茄科植物，为一年生草本，或灌木、亚灌木，原产于中南美洲，单叶互生，卵形至狭披针形；花白色或绿白色，1－3朵聚生，5裂，雄蕊5；果实为浆果，果皮肉质或近革质，颜色和形状种种，常有辛辣味；种子多数，扁圆盘形。
- 辣椒 Capsicum annuum
- 小米辣 Capsicum frutescens
- 黄灯笼辣椒 Capsicum chinense
- C. pendulum
- C. pubescens
- C. minimum
- C. baccatum
- C. abbreviatum
- C. anomalum
- C. breviflorum
- C. buforum
- C. brasilianum
- C. campylopodium
- C. cardenasii
- C. chacoense
- C. ciliare
- C. ciliatum
- C. chlorocladium
- C. coccineum
- C. cordiforme
- C. cornutum
- C. dimorphum
- C. dusenii
- C. exile
- C. eximium
- C. fasciculatum
- C. fastigiatum
- C. flexuosum
- C. galapagoensis
- C. geminifolum
- C. hookerianum
- C. lanceolatum
- C. leptopodum
- C. luteum
- C. microcarpum
- C. minutiflorum
- C. mirabile
- C. parvifolium
- C. praetermissum
- C. schottianum
- C. scolnikianum
- C. stramonifolium
- C. tetragonum
- C. tovarii
- C. villosum
- C. violaceum
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