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插缀（Transfix）在构词学中指在词根（闪语族词根）中插入的不连续词缀，属于构词学的词根活用式系统，可在多种闪语中见到。
不连续词缀为语音组件在单词中不连续，围绕着构成词根的语音摊开词缀。词根常常是一系列难懂的三个子音，虽然单子音、双字母、四字母词根也实际存在。[1]三子音词根的例子如阿拉伯语的 d–r–b ，可以曲折为 daraba （打击）和 idribunna （打击他们（阴性））。[2]一般认为三子音词根是最普遍的型态，部分语言学家断定双字母词根可能实际上是默认的，但至少有一位学者怀疑这些主张的合法性。[1]
插缀在范型指定下安置到词根的既定位置，范型绑定了所赋予词形变化或衍生之特定意义。[3]前述的插缀例子如 a–a–a 和 i––i–unna 。
插缀不同于前缀、后缀和中缀，完整的插缀配置到词根的整体结构之中。插缀并非前缀、后缀和中缀的组合，有其独自的结构，拆散在字词之中。插缀另一项和其他词缀的不同点在于各个组件本身不具意涵。再看到 daraba 这个字，组件 a–a–a 单方面编译不出任何意义。仅能一起产生出不定词意涵。
下列范例为马耳他语的动词曲折、阿拉伯语名词衍生、豪萨语名词复数变化，三者皆属于亚非语系。
| 完成式 | 未完成式 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 单数 | ||||
| 第一人称 | qtilt | "I killed" | noqtol | "I kill" |
| 第二人称 | qtilt | "You killed" | toqtol | "You kill" |
| 第三人称阳性 | qatel | "He killed" | joqtol | "He kills" |
| 第三人称阴性 | qatlet | "She killed" | toqtol | "She kills" |
| Plural | ||||
| 第一人称 | qtilna | "We killed" | noqtlu | "We kill" |
| 第二人称 | qtiltu | "You killed" | toqtlu | "You kill" |
| 第三人称 | qatlu | "They killed" | joqtlu | "They kill" |
The Maltese example efficiently demonstrates the broad nature of transfixes and how they can be inserted into a root.
| 阿拉伯语转写 | 翻译 |
|---|---|
| kataba | 'preaching, orating' |
| katb | 'matter, affair, concern' |
| kutub | 'matters, affairs, concerns' |
| kitab | 'public address, speech, oration' |
| kitba | 'courtship, engagement' |
| kitaba | 'rhetoric, oratory' |
| takatub | 'conversation, talk, discussion' |
| mukatib | 'conversation partner, interlocutor' |
The Arabic example shows the ways in which a great variety of different nouns can be derived from a single root through the use of transfixes.
| 单数 | 复数 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| zártòò | “saw” | zárààtáá | "saws" |
| ɡárkèè | "herd" | ɡárààkáá | "herds" |
| sárkʲíí | "emir" | sàrààkáí | "emirs" |
| ɡʷúrɡʷùù | "cripple" | ɡʷúrààɡʷúú | "cripples" |
| ʔárzìkʲíí | "fortune" | ʔárzúkàà | "fortunes" |
The Hausa example demonstrates the presence of transfixation in non-Semitic languages, though the phenomenon does not seem to leave the Afro-Asiatic family.
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