蚌科（学名：Unionidae），又名石蛤科或珠蚌科，是软体动物门双壳纲古异齿类一个淡水生的物种分支，也是现时蚌目之内最大的一个科[1][2]，蚌总科之下四个科之一[3]。受生长地带所限，本科物种的分布往往受地缘因素限制。
分类
在华文文献，本科被划分为三个亚科，分别如下[5]：
- 珠蚌亚科：包括有珠蚌属、楔蚌属、裂脊蚌属、尖丽蚌属、矛蚌属、尖嵴蚌属，例如鱼尾楔蚌、圆顶珠蚌、短褶矛蚌、中国尖嵴蚌等。
- 无齿蚌亚科：过往只有无齿蚌属，例如：椭圆背角无齿蚌[5]，但现时这个属已分出了多个新的属。
- 小方蚌亚科：包括有蛏蚌属、帆蚌属和丽蚌属，例如洞穴丽蚌、三角帆蚌
而根据ITIS在2014年的数据[6]，蚌科物种可分为下列六个亚科，以及一个有八个属的科地位未定群组：
- 小方蚌亚科（Ambleminae） Rafinesque, 1820：但只限北美洲物种；其他东亚物种拨至隆嵴蚌亚科。
- 隆嵴蚌亚科（Gonideinae） Ortmann, 1916
- Modellnaiinae亚科 Brandt, 1974
- 雕刻蚌亚科（Parreysiinae） Henderson, 1935
- Rectidentinae亚科 Modell, 1942
- 珠蚌亚科（Unioninae） Rafinesque, 1820：只包括13个属。
另外还有其他文献将东亚及东南亚的蚌科物种分为Pseudodontinae、Rectidentinae 及 Parreysiinae这三个亚科[7]。
蚌科在全球有142属600多种[5]。 以下为按地域分布而分类的所有本科的属：
- 遍布各地
- 只在非洲
- Brazzaea
- Coelatura
- Germainaia
- Grandidieria
- Mweruella
- Nitia
- Nyassunio
- Prisodontopsis
- Pseudospatha
- 只在中美洲与墨西哥
- Arotonaias
- Barynaias
- Cyrtonaias
- Delphinonaias
- Disconaias
- Friersonia
- Martensnaias
- Micronaias
- Nephritica
- Nephronaias
- Pachynaias
- Popenaias
- Psoronaias
- Psorula
- Reticulatus
- Sphenonaias
- 只在东亚
- 尖丽蚌属 Aculamprotula
- 尖嵴蚌属 Acuticosta
- 船蚌属 Anemina
- 扭蚌属 Arconaia
- Caudiculatus
- 室蚌属 Chamberlainia
- Contradens
- 冠蚌属 Cristaria
- Ctenodesma
- 楔蚌属 Cuneopsis
- Discomya
- Elongaria
- Ensidens
- Harmandia
- 帆蚌属 Hyriopsis
- 倒齿蚌属 Inversidens
- Inversiunio
- 丽蚌属 Lamprotula
- 矛蚌属 Lanceolaria Conrad, 1853
- 莱昂雕刻蚌属 Leoparreysia Vikhrev, Bolotov & Aksenova, 2017
- 鳞皮蚌属 Lepidodesma
- Modellnaia
- Modellnaia siamensis Brandt, 1974
- Namkongnaia
- 结节蚌属 Nodularia Mertens ex Bornet & Flahault, 1886
- Oxynaia F.Haas, 1913，为Nodularia Conrad, 1853的异名
- Physunio C.T.Simpson, 1900
- Physunio aequilatus Tolstikova, 1975
- Physunio chitwanensis Takayasu, Gurung & Matsuoka, 1995
- Physunio laeviusculus Tolstikova, 1976
- Physunio massini (Morelet, 1864)
- Physunio modelli Brandt, 1974
- Physunio pakistanus Modell, 1969
- Physunio pellucidus J.M.Pfeiffer, D.L.Graf, K.S.Cummings & L.M.Page, 2021
- Physunio (Physunio) superbus (I.Lea, 1843)
- Physunio velaris Sowerby, 1868
- Physunio zayssanensis (Martinson & Tolstikova, 1969)
- Pilsbryoconcha
- Pressidens
- Prohyriopsis
- Pronodularia
- Protunio
- 假柏夫蚌属 Pseudobaphia
- 拟齿蚌属 Pseudodon
- 尖锄蚌属 Ptychorhynchus Simpson, 1900
- Rectidens
- 菱形蚌属 Rhombuniopsis F.Haas, 1920
- 糙蚌属 Scabies [9]
- Schepmania
- 裂脊蚌属 Schistodesmus Simpson, 1900
- Simpsonella
- 中华无齿蚌属 Sinanodonta Modell, 1945
- 蛏蚌属 Solenaia
- Unionetta
- 只在欧洲
- Microcondylaea
- 拟无齿蚌属 Pseudanodonta
- 只在印度次大陆
- Arcidopsis
- Assamnaia Bolotov, Sonowal, Kardong, Pasupuleti and Subba Rao[10]
- Lamellidens C.T.Simpson, 1900
- Lamellidens alcobacensis (Choffat, 1885)
- Lamellidens arungensis Takayasu, Gurung & Matsuoka, 1995
- Lamellidens brandti Bolotov, Konopleva et Vikhrev, 2017 [11]
- Lamellidens candaharicus (T.Hutton, 1849)
- Lamellidens carteri (Hislop, 1860)
- Lamellidens chindwinensis Bolotov, Konopleva, Nyein Chan, Zau Lunn, Kondakov & Vikhrev, 2022
- Lamellidens corrianus (I.Lea, 1834)
- Lamellidens deccanensis (J.de C.Sowerby, 1840)
- Lamellidens ferrugineus (Annandale, 1918)
- Lamellidens friersoni (C.T.Simpson, 1914)
- Lamellidens generosus (A.Gould, 1847)
- Lamellidens jammuensis Prashad, 1928
- Lamellidens jenkinsianus (W.H.Benson, 1862)
- Lamellidens lamellatus (I.Lea, 1838)
- Lamellidens lewisi H.E.Vokes, 1935
- Lamellidens mainwaringi Preston, 1912
- Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck, 1819)
- Lamellidens narainpirensis Preston, 1912
- Lamellidens nongyangensis Preston, 1912
- Lamellidens phenchooganjensis Preston, 1912
- Lamellidens proctori Prashad, 1930
- Lamellidens quadratus Annandale, 1924
- Lamellidens savadiensis (G.Nevill, 1877)
- Lamellidens unioides Nesemann & G.Sharma, 2007
- Lamellidens vredenburgi Prashad, 1921
- Parreysia
- Pseudoscabies Bolotov, Sonowal, Kardong, Pasupuleti and Subba Rao
- Pseudoscabies Bolotov, Sonowal, Kardong, Pasupuleti & Subba Rao, 2024[10]
- Radiatula C.T.Simpson, 1900
- Radiatula chaudhurii (Preston, 1912)
- Radiatula chindwinensis Bolotov et al., 2019
- Radiatula crispisulcata (W.H.Benson, 1862)
- Radiatula humilis (I.Lea, 1856)
- Radiatula jimuriensis (Takayasu, Gurung & Matsuoka, 1995)
- Radiatula kachinensis Bolotov, Konopleva, Nyein Chan, Zau Lunn, Kondakov & Vikhrev, 2022
- Radiatula kohlii (Sahni & Bhatnagar, 1957)
- Radiatula mouhoti Vikhrev, Bolotov & Konopleva, 2017[11]
- Radiatula myitkyinae (Prashad, 1930)
- Radiatula myitthanensis Bolotov et al., 2019
- Radiatula pilata (I.Lea, 1866)
- Radiatula tenella (Takayasu, Gurung & Matsuoka, 1995)
- Trapezoideus
- 只在中东
- Leguminaia
- Pseudodontopsis
- 只在新几内亚
- Haasodonta
- 只在北美洲
- Actinonaias
- Alasmidonta
- Amblema
- Anodontoides
- Arcidens
- Cyclonaias
- 强膨蚌属 Cyprogenia
- 走蚌属 Dromus
- Ellipsaria
- Elliptio
- Elliptoideus
- Epioblasma
- 水蚌属 Fusconaia
- Glebula
- Gonidea
- Hamiota
- Hemistena
- 美丽蚌属 Lampsilis
- Lasmigona
- Lemiox
- Leptodea
- Lexingtonia
- Ligumia
- Medionidus
- Megalonaias
- Obliquaria
- Obovaria
- Pegias
- Plectomerus
- Plethobasus
- 侧底蚌属 Pleurobema
- Pleuronaia Frierson, 1927
- Pleuronaia barnesiana (I.Lea, 1838)
- Pleuronaia dolabelloides (I.Lea, 1840)
- Pleuronaia gibber (I.Lea, 1838)
- Pleuronaia neomexicana (Stanton, 1916)
- 翼蚌属 Potamilus Rafinesque, 1818
- Ptychobranchus
- Pyganodon
- Pyganodon cataracta (Say, 1817)
- Pyganodon fragilis (Lamarck, 1819)
- Pyganodon gibbosa (Say, 1824)
- Pyganodon grandis (Say, 1829)
- Pyganodon lacustris (I.Lea, 1857)
- 方蚌属 Quadrula
- Quincuncina
- Simpsonaias
- Strophitus
- Toxolasma
- Truncilla
- Uniomerus
- Utterbackia
- Venustaconcha
- Villosa
- 未定：
- Trapezidens Bolotov, Vikhrev & Konopleva, 2017
- Trapezidens angustior (Hanley & Theobald, 1876)
- Trapezidens dolichorhynchus (Tapparone Canefri, 1889)
- Trapezidens exolescens (A.Gould, 1843)
- Trapezidens mogaungensis Bolotov, Konopleva, Nyein Chan, Zau Lunn, Kondakov & Vikhrev, 2022
- Trapezidens obesa (Hanley & Theobald, 1876)，为Trapezidens dolichorhynchus (Tapparone Canefri, 1889)的异名
- Trapezidens obesa feae Kondakov, Konopleva et Vikhrev， 2017
- Trapezidens scutum (G.B.Sowerby II, 1868)
- Trapezidens yeti Konopleva, Bolotov, Kondakov, Kononov, Gofarov, Tomilova, Lunn, Chan, Win & Vikhrev, 2020
参考文献
外部链接
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