叶鞘（Leaf sheathes）是指由叶基或叶柄发育而成，完全或部分环扣住节上方的茎的鞘状结构；其功能为保护腋芽及茎顶、节间、叶基的分生组织。常见于禾本科、棕榈科、伞形科植物。
竹的叶鞘特称为箨鞘，面积大而为包覆的主要结构。
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