荻野周史

荻野周史（日语：荻野 周史／おぎの しゅうじ ^{Ogino Shūji}，1968年4月24日—），主要从事病理学，流行病学和分子病理流行病学研究。目前在哈佛医学院，布莱根妇女医院和丹娜法伯癌症研究院及哈佛陈曾熙公共卫生学院担任教授。荻野首次提出分子病理流行病学（英语：Molecular pathological epidemiology）（MPE）这一学科概念，该学科是分子病理学和流行病学的交叉学科。

生平

于1993年获得东京大学医学院学士学位，于1994-1995年在冲绳美国海军医院实习，随后赴美，并分别在卓克索大学阿勒格尼总医院（1995-1997）及凯斯西储大学/克利夫兰大学医院（1997-1999）完成病理解剖和临床病理住院医师培训，1999-2000年在宾夕法尼亚大学医学中心进行分子病理学研究。2001年获得东京大学研究院医学系博士学位后继续在该中心从事博士后研究，2001-2004在丹娜法伯癌症研究院，布莱根妇女医院和哈佛医学院担任病理学讲师，2004年晋升为助理教授，2008年晋升为副教授，2015年晋升为丹娜法伯癌症研究院教授。继2011年在哈佛陈曾熙公共卫生学院获得流行病学硕士学位后，被任命为该学院的流行病学副教授，并2015年晋升为教授。

研究领域和成果

荻野于2010年首次提出 “分子病理流行病学（MPE）”^[1]这一概念。他认为将分子病理学研究带入流行病学研究的框架是一个独特的研究领域。此后，MPE这一概念被广泛采纳^{[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]} ，并且成为美国癌症研究协会（AACR）^[13] ，流行病学研究协会（SER）^[14]和美国预防肿瘤学会（ASPO）^[15]等国际会议的专题。MPE是采用分子病理学流行病学的方法从分子、个体和群体的水平进行病因学的研究。通过对现有的流行病学研究中组织样本和数据的研究分析，荻野发表了大量的文章论述危险因素（如环境、饮食、生活方式和遗传因素等）的暴露和疾病的分子病理学特征之间的相互关系（例如，携带PIK3CA突变基因的结直肠癌），其中很多发现 ^{[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]}以及阐述 MPE的概念^{[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]} 的文章都发表在该领域具有影响力的杂志上。通过MPE的研究方法荻野发现了阿司匹林可以增加携带PIK3CA基因突变的结直肠癌患者的生存期 ^[32] ，内镜筛查有助于降低结肠癌的发病率和死亡率，以及结肠镜检5年内发生的大肠癌与其CIMP（CpG 岛甲基化表型）和MSI （微卫星不稳定性）有关^[33]。Ogino 于2013年举办首届分子病理流行病学（MPE）会议，并于2014年12月4-5号在波士顿召开第二次会议^[34][35]。

荻野采用MPE的研究方法提出在大肠癌研究模型从两段式结肠模型（近段和远段结肠）^{[36] [37] [38] [39]}到大肠连续模型^[40]的转变。该假设是通过对 1400多例大肠癌病例分析，得出不同部位的结肠癌与其微卫星不稳定（MSI），CpG岛甲基化表型（CIMP）和BRAF突变频率呈线性关系^[41] ，这一大肠连续模型已得到支持 ^[42][43]。 此外，荻野还提出了一些新的研究模式，包括“GWAS-MPE” ^[44] ，“ 独特肿瘤原则”^[45] ，“独特疾病原则”^[46] ，“病因场效应模型” ^[47] （即多种治病因素包括饮食、生活方式、环境、微生物、激素和基因等及其相互作用下的形成肿瘤易感组织微环境，致使肿瘤形成、演化和进展）以及“生命历程流行病学 - MPE模型”^[48] ，所有这些模型都与MPE领域相关。

荣誉

• 2004年，分子病理学协会（AMP），总裁奖
• 2011年，美国加拿大病理学协会，拉姆兹•科特兰青年研究奖
• 2012年，分子病理学协会（AMP），功勋奖
• 2014年，汤森路透 ^[49]， 最具影响力的科学家
• 2014年，美国临床调查协会（ASCI），委员
• 2014年，美国实验生物学会联合会杰出科学奖委员会^[50]，委员

外部链接

• Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health faculty profile (http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/shuji-ogino/ （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）)
• The Ogino MPE lab ( https://web.archive.org/web/20190515032651/http://ogino-mpe-lab.dana-farber.org/ )
• Dana-Farber/ Harvard Cancer Center faculty profile( http://www.dfhcc.harvard.edu/membership/profile/member/1099/0/ （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）)
• Brigham & Women’s Hospital faculty profile (http://researchfaculty.brighamandwomens.org/BRIProfile.aspx?id=5797 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）)
• Harvard University faculty directory(http://www.harvard.edu/faculty）^{[失效链接]}

参考文献

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14. Kuller LH, Bracken MB, Ogino S, Prentice RL, Tracy RP. The role of epidemiology in the era of molecular epidemiology and genomics: Summary of the 2013 AJE-sponsored Society of Epidemiologic Research Symposium. Am J Epidemiol. 2013;178(9):1350-4.
15. Epplein M, Bostick RM, Mu L, Ogino S, Braithwaite D, Kanetsky PA. Challenges and Opportunities in International Molecular Cancer Prevention Research: An ASPO Molecular Epidemiology and the Environment and International Cancer Prevention Interest Groups Report. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2014;23(11):2613-7. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-14-0848. Epub 2014 Oct 2.
16. Chan AT, Ogino S, Fuchs CS. Aspirin use and risk of colorectal cancer according to cyclooxygenase-2 expression. N Engl J Med 2007;356:2131-42.
17. Chan AT, Ogino S, Fuchs CS. Aspirin use and survival after diagnosis of colorectal cancer. JAMA 2009;302:649-658.
18. Morikawa T, Kuchiba A, Yamauchi M, Meyerhardt JA, Shima K, Nosho K, Chan AT, Giovannucci E, Fuchs CS, Ogino S. Association of CTNNB1 (β-catenin) alterations, body mass index, and physical activity with survival in patients with colorectal cancer. JAMA 2011;305:1685-1694. PMCID:PMC3087286109
19. Straussman R, Morikawa T, Shee K, Barzily-Rokni M, Qian ZR, Du J, Davis A, Mongare MM, Gould J, Frederick DT, Cooper ZA, Chapman PB, Solit DB, Ribas A, Lo RS, Flaherty KT, Ogino S, Wargo JA, Golub TR. Tumor microenvironment contributes to innate RAF-inhibitor resistance through HGF secretion. Nature 2012;487:500-504. PMCID:PMC3711467
20. Nishihara R, Lochhead P, Kuchiba A, Jung S, Yamauchi M, Liao X, Imamura Y, Qian ZR, Morikawa T, Wang M, Spiegelman D, Cho E, Giovannucci E, Fuchs CS, Chan AT, Ogino S. Aspirin use and colorectal cancer incidence risk according to BRAF mutation status. JAMA 2013;309:2563-2571.
21. Ogino S, Liao X, Imamura Y, Yamauchi M, McCleary NJ, Ng K, Niedzwiecki D, Saltz LB, Mayer RJ, Whittom R, Hantel A, Benson III AB, Mowat RB, Spiegelman D, Goldberg RM, Bertagnolli MM, Meyerhardt JA, Fuchs CS, for the Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology. Predictive and prognostic analysis of PIK3CA mutation in stage III colon cancer intergroup trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 2013;105:1789-1798.
22. Barry ER, Morikawa T, Butler BL, Shrestha K, de la Rosa R, Yan KS, Fuchs CS, Magness ST, Smits R, Ogino S, Kuo CJ, Camargo FD. Restriction of intestinal stem cell expansion and the regenerative response by YAP. Nature 2013;493:106-110. PMCID:PMC3536889
23. Fink SP, Yamauchi M, Nishihara R, Jung S, Kuchiba A, Wu K, Cho E, Giovannucci E, Fuchs CS, Ogino S, Markowitz SD, Chan AT. Aspirin and the risk of colorectal cancer in relation to the expression of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (HPGD). Sci Transl Med 2014;6:233re2.
24. Ogino S, Galon J, Fuchs CS, Dranoff G. Cancer immunology – integrated analysis of host and tumor factors for personalized medicine. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2011:8:711-719.
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28. Ogino S, Lochhead P, Chan AT, Nishihara R, Cho E, Wolpin BM, Meyerhardt JA, Meissner A, Schernhammer ES, Fuchs CS, Giovannucci E (April 2013). "Molecular pathological epidemiology of epigenetics: emerging integrative science to analyze environment, host, and disease". Modern Pathology 26(4): 465–84.
29. Field AE, Camargo Jr CA, Ogino S. The merits of subtyping obesity: one size does not fit all. JAMA 2013;310:2147-2148.
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32. Liao X, Lochhead P, Nishihara R, Morikawa T, Kuchiba A, Yamauchi M, Imamura Y, Qian ZR, Baba Y, Shima K, Sun R, Nosho K, Meyerhardt JA, Giovannucci E, Fuchs CS, Chan AT, Ogino S. Aspirin use, tumor PIK3CA mutation, and colorectal-cancer survival. N Engl J Med 2012;367:1596-1606.
33. Nishihara R, Wu K, Lochhead P, Morikawa T, Liao X, Qian ZR, Inamura K, Kim SA, Kuchiba A, Yamauchi M, Imamura Y, Willett WC, Rosner BA, Fuchs CS, Giovannucci E, Ogino S, Chan AT. Long-term colorectal-cancer incidence and mortality after lower endoscopy. N Engl J Med 2013;369:1095-1105.
34. The Ogino MPE lab ( http://ogino-mpe-lab.dana-farber.org （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） )
35. Ogino S, Campbell PT, Nishihara R, Phipps AI, Beck AH, Sherman ME, Chan AT, Troester MA, Bass AJ, Fitzgerald KC, Irizarry RA, Kelsey KT, Nan H, Peters U, Poole EM, Qian ZR, Tamimi RM, Tchetgen Tchetgen EJ, Tworoger SS, Zhang X, Giovannucci EL, van den Brandt PA, Rosner BA, Wang M, Chatterjee N, Begg CB.，
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41. Yamauchi M, Morikawa T, Kuchiba A, Imamura Y, Qian ZR, Nishihara R, Liao X, Waldron L, Hoshida Y, Huttenhower C, Chan AT, Giovannucci E, Fuchs CS, Ogino S. Assessment of colorectal cancer molecular features along bowel subsites challenges the conception of distinct dichotomy of proximal versus distal colorectum. Gut 2012;61:847-854. PMCID:PMC3345105
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44. Ogino S, Chan AT, Fuchs CS, Giovannucci E. Gut. 2011 Mar;60(3):397-411. doi: 10.1136/gut.2010.217182. Epub 2010 Oct 29. Review. PMID 21036793 Molecular pathological epidemiology of colorectal neoplasia: an emerging transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary field.
45. Ogino S, Fuchs CS, Giovannucci E. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2012 Jul;12(6):621-8. doi: 10.1586/erm.12.46. Review. PMID 22845482 How many molecular subtypes? Implications of the unique tumor principle in personalized medicine.
46. Ogino S, Lochhead P, Chan AT, Nishihara R, Cho E, Wolpin BM, Meyerhardt JA, Meissner A, Schernhammer ES, Fuchs CS, Giovannucci E. Mod Pathol. 2013 Apr;26(4):465-84. doi: 10.1038/modpathol.2012.214. Epub 2013 Jan 11. Review. PMID 23307060 Molecular pathological epidemiology of epigenetics: emerging integrative science to analyze environment, host, and disease.
47. Lochhead P, Chan AT, Nishihara R, Fuchs CS, Beck AH, Giovannucci E, Ogino S. Etiologic field effect: reappraisal of the field effect concept in cancer predisposition and progression. Mod Pathol. 2015;28(1):14-29. doi: 10.1038/modpathol.2014.81. Epub 2014 Jun 13. PMID 24925058.
48. Nishi A, Kawachi I, Koenen KC, Wu K, Nishihara R, Ogino S. Lifecourse epidemiology and molecular pathological epidemiology. Am J Prev Med 2015;48:116-119.
49. The world’s Most Influential Minds:2014 (存档副本. [2014-10-09]. （原始内容存档于2014-10-07）.) Thomson Reuter. Retrieved September 5, 2014.
50. http://www.faseb.org/About-FASEB/Who-We-Are/Governance/Board-Ordinary-Committees.aspx （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Retrieved September 15, 2014.