上游源出于天目山，由东苕溪、西苕溪两支组成，两溪在湖州市吴兴区城区汇合，合流后称苕溪，向北流15公里，分70多条港汊注入太湖。河宽80-160米，水深7-8米。流域总面积5917平方公里，为太湖主要水源之一。
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