脑萎缩

脑萎缩是中枢神经系统疾病所造成的一种症状， ^[1]是指脑组织的细胞（神经元）体积缩小。^[2]如果大脑半球出现萎缩，思维和自理能力可能会受到影响。

一定程度的脑萎缩是由于衰老而自然发生的。^[3]人脑在25岁时基本发育成熟。^[4]35岁后大脑开始慢慢萎缩，并以每年0.2%的程度萎缩下去。^[5]当达到70岁时，萎缩的速度会加快。^[6]到90岁时，人脑相对于25岁时它的重量将减少15%。^[7][3]

原因

脑萎缩的进度取决于疾病。

受伤

• 中风，由于大脑供血突然中断而导致大脑功能丧失
• 中度至重度创伤性脑损伤^[8]

参考文献

1. Cerebral Atrophy Information Page: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). [2014-03-28]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04）.
2. The Shrinking Brain: Cerebral Atrophy Following Traumatic Brain Injury. Annals of Biomedical Engineering. September 2019, 47 (9): 1941–1959. PMC 6757025 . PMID 30341741. doi:10.1007/s10439-018-02148-2.
3. The extended scope of neuroimaging and prospects in brain atrophy mitigation: A systematic review. Interdisciplinary Neurosurgery. March 2021, 23: 100875. doi:10.1016/j.inat.2020.100875.
4. Maturation of the adolescent brain. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. April 2013, 9: 449–461. PMC 3621648 . PMID 23579318. doi:10.2147/NDT.S39776.
5. Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences. 2013. ISBN 978-0-12-382166-9.
6. Ageing and the brain. Postgraduate Medical Journal. February 2006, 82 (964): 84–88. PMC 2596698 . PMID 16461469. doi:10.1136/pgmj.2005.036665.
7. White matter disease as a biomarker for long-term cerebrovascular disease and dementia. Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine. March 2014, 16 (3): 292. PMC 3964019 . PMID 24496967. doi:10.1007/s11936-013-0292-z.
8. Harris, Taylor C.; de Rooij, Rijk; Kuhl, Ellen. The Shrinking Brain: Cerebral Atrophy Following Traumatic Brain Injury. Annals of Biomedical Engineering (Springer Science and Business Media LLC). 2018-10-17, 47 (9): 1941–1959. ISSN 0090-6964. PMC 6757025 . PMID 30341741. doi:10.1007/s10439-018-02148-2.