考功司始创于隋朝，设有郎中、员外郎各一人，郎中从五品上，负责京官考课；员外郎从六品上，负责外官考课。宋代对考功司进行切割，分成审官院、流内铨、枢密院与三班院。明代维持考功司体制，“掌官吏考课黜陟之事”[1]，洪武十三年废除中书省，提升六部地位；二十九年八月，定为“文选验封考功稽勋四清吏司”[2]。正统十一年添设考功司主事一员，万历三十六年增设管理册库清吏司主事一员。
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