翻车鲀属(学名:Mola),或叫翻车鱼属,是翻车鲀科的一个属。这种鱼之所以长成截短的子弹状形状,是因为它们生来就有的背鳍永远不会再长。相反,随着生物的成熟,它会折叠成自身,形成一个圆形的舵,称为鸡眼。Mola在拉丁语中的意思是“磨石”,描述了翻车鱼有点圆形的形状。它们呈银色,皮肤质地粗糙。
Quick Facts 保护状况, 科学分类 ...
翻车鲀属
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翻车鲀(Mola mola)
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科学分类
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界:
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动物界 Animalia
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门:
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脊索动物门 Chordata
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纲:
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辐鳍鱼纲 Actinopteri
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目:
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鲀形目 Tetraodontiformes
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科:
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翻车鲀科 Molidae
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属:
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翻车鲀属 Mola Kölreuter, 1766
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异名
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- Acanthosoma DeKay, 1842
- Aledon Castelnau, 1861
- Cephalus Shaw, 1804
- Diplanchias Rafinesque, 1810
- Molacanthus Swainson, 1839
- Orthagoriscus Cuvier, 1816
- Orthragoriscus Bloch & Schneider, 1801
- Orthragus Rafinesque, 1810
- Ozodura Ranzani, 1839
- Pallasia Nardo, 1840
- Pedalion Guilding, 1838
- Pedalium Agassiz, 1846
- Timpanomium Nardo, 1840
- Trematopsis Ranzani, 1839
- Tympanomium Ranzani, 1839
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Close
翻车鲀是所有硬骨鱼中最重的,大型标本垂直可达4.3米,水平可达3米,重量超过2700公斤。[3]鲨鱼和鳐鱼可能更重,但它们是软骨鱼。
翻车鲀分布于世界各地的温带和热带海洋。人们经常看到它们在水面附近晒太阳,当它们巨大的背鳍露出水面时,它们经常被误认为是鲨鱼。它们的牙齿融合成喙状结构,它们无法完全合上相对较小的嘴巴。
海洋翻车鲀可能会感染皮肤寄生虫,因此翻车鲀经常会邀请小鱼甚至鸟类来享用它们。翻车鲀甚至会在空中突破水面3米,试图撼动寄生虫。
它们是笨拙的游泳者,摇摆着巨大的背鳍和臀鳍来移动,并用他们的鸡眼转向。它们的食物主要是水母,不过它们也会吃小鱼和大量的浮游动物和藻类。它们对人无害,但好奇心很强,经常接近潜水员。
它们的种群被认为是易受伤害的,[4]因为它们经常被漂浮的流刺网缠住,并且可能因误食塑料袋(长得类似于水母)等海洋垃圾而窒息而死。
该属目前有3个公认的物种:[5][6]
- 拉氏翻车鲀 Mola alexandrini (Giglioli, 1883),又叫南方翻车鲀[7]
- 翻车鲀 Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758),又叫翻车鱼、曼波鱼
- 迷惑翻车鲀 Mola tecta Nyegaard, Sawai, Gemmell, Gillum, Loneragan, Yamanoue & Stewart, 2017,又叫骗子翻车鲀、隐秘翻车鲀[8]
- 归入本属的物种:
- Orthragoriscus nasus Ranzani
- Orthragus commersoni Rafinesque, 1810
- Pallasia pallasi Nardo, 1840
- Pedalion periridescens Wade, 1926
存档副本. [2023-04-02]. (原始内容存档于2022-10-23).
Matsuura, K. Taxonomy and systematics of tetraodontiform fishes: a review focusing primarily on progress in the period from 1980 to 2014. Ichthyological Research. 2014, 62 (1): 72–113. doi:10.1007/s10228-014-0444-5 .
Nyegaard, Marianne; Sawai, Etsuro; Gemmell, Neil; Gillum, Joanne; Loneragan, Neil R.; Yamanoue, Yusuke; Stewart, Andrew L. Hiding in broad daylight: molecular and morphological data reveal a new ocean sunfish species (Tetraodontiformes: Molidae) that has eluded recognition. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 19 July 2017, 182 (3): 631–658. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx040.
Etsuro Sawai, Yusuke Yamanoue, Marianne Nyegaard and Yoichi Sakai. 2017. Redescription of the Bump-head Sunfish Mola alexandrini (Ranzani 1839), senior synonym of Mola ramsayi (Giglioli 1883), with Designation of A Neotype for Mola mola (Linnaeus 1758) (Tetraodontiformes: Molidae). Ichthyological Research. DOI: 10.1007/s10228-017-0603-6
Marianne Nyegaard, Etsuro Sawai, Neil Gemmell, Joanne Gillum, Neil R. Loneragan, Yusuke Yamanoue and Andrew L. Stewart. 2017. Hiding in Broad Daylight: Molecular and Morphological Data Reveal A New Ocean Sunfish Species (Tetraodontiformes: Molidae) that has Eluded Recognition. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. XX, zlx040. DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx040