纹状体（英文：Striatum）是端脑皮质下的一部分，位于上丘脑。这是基底核的主要输入区。在解剖学上，纹状体包括了尾核（Caudate nucleus）和被壳（Putamen）。 具有调节肌肉张力、协调复杂运动的功能。纹状体依赖多巴胺才能正常工作，因此分泌多巴胺的细胞死亡（即黑质细胞），就会患帕金森疾病。
历史
在17世纪与18世纪时，词汇“Corpus striatum”（纹状体）用于称呼脑半球深色的皮质下部分（Vieussens, 1685）。福格茨（Vogts）（Cécile and Oskar, 1941）简化了命名法，提议将“striatum”词汇用在所有纹状的组成元素（参见主要基底核系统），包括尾核（Caudate nucleus）、被壳（Putamen）与基层纹体（fundus striati），后者是前述二部分连结至内囊（internal capsule）以下的腹侧部分。
“neostriatum”（新纹状体）是由比较解剖学家所创造的辞汇，他们比较了脊椎动物间的下皮质结构，因为新纹状体被认为是脑部纹状体的系统发生的新生部分。
参考文献
- Aosaki T, Kiuchi K & Kawaguchi Y (1998) Dopamine D1-like receptor activation excites rat striatal large aspiny neurons in vitro. J Neurosci 15, 5180–90
- Apicella P (2002) Tonically active neurons in the primate striatum and their role in the processing of information about motivationally relevant events. Eur J Neurosci 16, 2017–26
- Cossette, M., Lecomte, F. and Partent, A. (2005) Morphology and distribution of dopaminergic intrinsic to human striatum. J. Chem. Neuroanat. 29: 1-11
- Holt DJ, Graybiel AM & Saper CB (1997) Neurochemical architecture of the human striatum. J Comp Neurol 21, 1–25
- Morris G, Arkadir D, Nevet A, Vaadia E & Bergman H (2004) Coincident but distinct messages of midbrain dopamine and striatal tonically active neurons. Neuron 8, 133–43
- Tepper JM & Bolam JP (2004) Functional diversity and specificity of neostriatal interneurons. Curr Opin Neurobiol 14, 685–92
- Yamada H, Matsumoto N & Kimura M (2004) Tonically active neurons in the primate caudate nucleus and putamen differentially encode instructed motivational outcomes of action. J Neurosci 7, 3500–10
- Yelnik, J., François, C., Percheron, G., Tandé, D. (1991) Morphological taxonomy of the neurons of the primate striatum. J. Comp. Neurol. 313:273-294
- Zink, CF, Pagnoni G, Martin-Skurski ME, Chappelow JC, & Berns GS (2004). Human striatal responses to monetary reward depend on saliency. Neuron 42, 509-17
参照
- 人脑区域列表（List of regions in the human brain）
外部链接
- Stained brain slice images which include the "striatum" at the BrainMaps project
- NeuroNames hier-207
- 医学主题词表（MeSH）：Corpus+Striatum
Wikiwand in your browser!
Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.
Every time you click a link to Wikipedia, Wiktionary or Wikiquote in your browser's search results, it will show the modern Wikiwand interface.
Wikiwand extension is a five stars, simple, with minimum permission required to keep your browsing private, safe and transparent.
