简易程序罪行

简易程序罪行（英语：summary offence）指特定普通法地区的一类适用简易程序的罪行。此等罪行的严重性相对可公诉罪行低，而犯此等罪行者，不应被采取陪审制或依公诉程序定罪。^[1]^[2]

香港

在香港，除非被告同时被控可公诉罪行，否则简易程序罪行只可在裁判法院审理。^[2]在法庭内摄影、管有假炸弹、冒充公职人员、不小心驾驶等皆属于此类罪行。^[2]^[3]

英国

在英格兰和威尔士，“简易程序”（英语：summary trial）在指裁判法院所进行的无陪审团的审讯程序。受委任的法官或由或三名裁判官组成的委员会会决定被告是有罪还是无辜。每次简易程序的聆讯都会有一份法令列明被告被控之罪行及进行聆讯的法官，庭审后，被告可能会被以简易程序定罪。^[4]英格兰和威尔士，“简易程序罪行”指那些（如果被告已成年）只能通过简易程序审讯的罪行。^[5]苏格兰的审讯亦遵循类似程序。

部分可在皇室法院（由法官主持）聆讯的案件，如果情节轻微，则仍可依照简易程序进行聆讯；但遵照此等程序的罪行，依照法令，属于混合罪行（英语：Hybrid offence），而非简易程序罪行。如果被告同时被控可公诉罪行和简易程序罪行，则该简易程序罪行可以依照公诉程序定罪；而即使简易程序罪行依照公诉程序受到定罪，该罪行依旧不是可公诉罪行或混合罪行。^[5]

在英国的不同地区，简易程序罪行的审理机构有所不同。英格兰和威尔士，此类罪行会由裁判法院审理。在苏格兰，则会由司法行政官法院（英语：Sheriff court）或太平绅士法院（英语：Justice of the peace court）审理，其中后者通常处理较为轻微的罪行。而北爱尔兰则有另一套裁判法院的系统。

[1]
Alabama v. Shelton, 535 U.S. 654 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, 670 n.10 (2002) ("In Pennsylvania, for example, all defendants charged with misdemeanors enjoy a right to counsel regardless of the sentence imposed, only those charged with 'summary offenses' (violations not technically considered crimes and punishable by no more than 90 days' imprisonment, ... may receive a suspended sentence uncounseled. (Typical 'summary offenses' in Pennsylvania include the failure to return a library book within 30 days... and fishing on a Sunday ....") (citations omitted).
[2]
2. 我曾聽過「簡易程序罪行」及「可公訴罪行」，兩者有甚麼分別？甚麼法院可審理這些案件？. www.clic.org.hk. [2021-04-17]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-17）.
[3]
簡易程序治罪條例. www.elegislation.gov.hk. [2021-04-17]. （原始内容存档于2022-08-29）.
[4]
Summary offences and the Crown Court. CPS. Crown Prosecution Service. [19 March 2018]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-05）.
[5]
The Interpretation Act 1978, section 5 and Schedule 1 (in the heading "construction of certain expressions relating to offences" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）), as amended by section 170 of, and paragraph 59 of Schedule 15 to, the Criminal Justice Act 1988, and by section 154 of, and paragraph 169 of Schedule 7 to, the Magistrates' Courts Act 1980.

[Alabama_v._Shelton-1] [1]
Alabama v. Shelton, 535 U.S. 654 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, 670 n.10 (2002) ("In Pennsylvania, for example, all defendants charged with misdemeanors enjoy a right to counsel regardless of the sentence imposed, only those charged with 'summary offenses' (violations not technically considered crimes and punishable by no more than 90 days' imprisonment, ... may receive a suspended sentence uncounseled. (Typical 'summary offenses' in Pennsylvania include the failure to return a library book within 30 days... and fishing on a Sunday ....") (citations omitted).

[clic1-2] [2]
2. 我曾聽過「簡易程序罪行」及「可公訴罪行」，兩者有甚麼分別？甚麼法院可審理這些案件？. www.clic.org.hk. [2021-04-17]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-17）.

[3] [3]
簡易程序治罪條例. www.elegislation.gov.hk. [2021-04-17]. （原始内容存档于2022-08-29）.

[4] [4]
Summary offences and the Crown Court. CPS. Crown Prosecution Service. [19 March 2018]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-05）.

[Interpretation_Act_s._5-5] [5]
The Interpretation Act 1978, section 5 and Schedule 1 (in the heading "construction of certain expressions relating to offences" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）), as amended by section 170 of, and paragraph 59 of Schedule 15 to, the Criminal Justice Act 1988, and by section 154 of, and paragraph 169 of Schedule 7 to, the Magistrates' Courts Act 1980.

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简易程序罪行

香港

英国

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简易程序罪行

香港

英国

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各地状况

参考资料