第二次君士坦丁堡公会议

第二次君士坦丁堡公会议是于公元553年在君士坦丁堡举行的第五次基督教大公会议。是次大公会议将“基督一性论”视为异端。教宗拒绝参加此会议，却在其后核准了此次会议的结果。

历史

由于第四次大公会议（即迦克墩公会议）的决议激起了“基督一性论”派的强烈反应，后来更引发暴动，公开反对正统教会。到公元543年，拜占庭皇帝查士丁尼一世在君士坦丁堡地区会议上更发表了十点反对教父俄利根的非正统见解，引发了与“基督一性论”的争论。查士丁尼一世试图调和矛盾，但却因具体措施上犹豫不决而不成功。“基督一性论”派指出教会没有指责观点与涅斯多留相同的著名教会文章“三章案”。埃及和叙利亚的地方教会因支持“基督一性论”，从大公教会中分离了出去。为了解决分歧和试图挽回分裂，查士丁尼一世决号召举此大公会议。

是次会议审查“三章案”。结果提出谴责“三章案”，并制定了十四项绝罚条文。“基督一性论”的讨论被禁止；“否定复活论”被定为异端。而此会议却承认天使有等级的观念，分为三大等级。可惜，此会议未能平息分歧。

此外，大公会议更决议谴责教宗维吉吕散播异端思想，并要求教宗收回相关文献。维吉吕后更被主持会议的查士丁尼一世驱逐。继任的教宗柏拉奇一世最后亦正式接受此谴责声明。^[1]^[2]

具深远影响的结果

强调基督的人性不是独立自存的，基督的身份与圣子的神性位格相联合。
将君士坦丁堡教会的地位提高到罗马教会之上。^[1]
承认天使有等级之分。

参考文献

[1]
Schwerin, Philip, How the Bishop of Rome Assumed the Title of "Vicar of Christ", 页5, '"Pope Vigilius wrote a treatise for home consumption, but the Fifth Ecumenical Council immediately forced this Roman bishop to retract his heretical views, and his successor, Pope Pelagius, officially approved this Eastern decision"...At this council Pope Vigilius was careful not to concede to the Emperor the right to determine matters of doctrine. He refused to yield to the Emperor and stood up for the authority of the Papal See. The Emperor banished Vigilius.'
[2]
Migne, Jacques-Paul, Patrologia Latina, 69, 143

[PSchwerin-1] [1]
Schwerin, Philip, How the Bishop of Rome Assumed the Title of "Vicar of Christ", 页5, '"Pope Vigilius wrote a treatise for home consumption, but the Fifth Ecumenical Council immediately forced this Roman bishop to retract his heretical views, and his successor, Pope Pelagius, officially approved this Eastern decision"...At this council Pope Vigilius was careful not to concede to the Emperor the right to determine matters of doctrine. He refused to yield to the Emperor and stood up for the authority of the Papal See. The Emperor banished Vigilius.'

[2] [2]
Migne, Jacques-Paul, Patrologia Latina, 69, 143

[1]

[2]