碘化物

碘化物
	系统名; Iodide
识别
CAS号	20461-54-5
PubChem	30165
ChemSpider	28015
SMILES	[I-];
Beilstein	3587184
Gmelin	14912
ChEBI	16382
KEGG	C00708
性质
化学式	I
摩尔质量	126.9 g·mol−1
热力学
S⦵298K	169.26 J K−1 mol−1
相关物质
其他阴离子	氟化物; 氯化物; 溴化物
	若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

碘化物指含有碘离子（I⁻）的化合物，^[2] 包括以碘化铯为例的离子化合物以及以四碘化碳为例的共价化合物。大多数离子性碘化物都是可溶于水的，除了黄色的碘化银和砖红色的碘化汞。碘化铅微溶于冷水而可溶于热水，这一特性被用于“黄金雨”的实验。

Quick Facts 碘化物, 识别 ...

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检验碘离子时，先加入几滴酸以消除碳酸根离子的干扰，再加入硝酸铅或硝酸银，若出现亮黄色的碘化银或碘化铅沉淀，则可证明碘离子的存在。

碘在含碘离子的溶液中溶解度增大，原因是生成了下述的棕色I₃⁻配离子：

I⁻(aq) + I₂(s) ⇌ I₃⁻(aq)

例子

常见的碘化物包括：

碘化氢 (HI)
碘化钠 (NaI)
四碘化碳 (CI₄)
碘化银 (AgI)
三碘化氮 (NI₃)

抗氧化剂应用

碘化物可作还原剂，还原体内过氧化氢之类的活性氧，以减少对机体的损害。蓝菌是最原始的发生光合作用的生物体，生活在超过三十亿年前。过氧化物酶和含高浓度碘的藻类（占1-3%干重）是地球上最早产生氧气的生物，^[3]^[4] 而碘化物的还原性正好可为它们提供保护，防止分子组件的氧化。^[5]^[6] ^[7]

事实上，海洋中存在大量的碘化物，海洋生物链的基础（Algal phytoplankton）具有积累碘化物、硒以及n-3脂肪酸的功能。^[8]^[9]^[10]:

碘化物的生物抗氧化机理^[11]

2 I⁻ → I₂ + 2 e⁻ (电子) = −0.54 Volt ;

2 I⁻ + 过氧化物酶 + H₂O₂ + 2 酪氨酸 → 2 碘代酪氨酸 + H₂O + 2 e⁻ (抗氧化剂);

2 e⁻ + H₂O₂ + 2 H⁺ (细胞内水溶液) → 2 H₂O

减少活性氧的毒害：

2 I⁻ + 过氧化物酶 + H₂O₂ + 酪氨酸、组氨酸、脂类 -> 碘代化合物 + H₂O + 2 e⁻ (抗氧化剂)

碘代化合物包括：碘代酪氨酸、碘代组氨酸、碘代脂类等等。

临床应用

>6 mg/日的碘化物可用于治疗甲状腺功能亢进，以减少甲状腺素（TH）从甲状腺释放出来。大剂量的碘化物会抑制甲状腺球蛋白的水解，因此TH只被合成并储存在colloid里，而不是释放到血液中。

该治疗方法现今已很少使用，因为碘化物的使用会导致TH大量积累，减缓硫代酰胺的作用。

参见

参考文献

[1]
Iodide - PubChem Public Chemical Database. The PubChem Project. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. [2020-05-14]. （原始内容存档于2014-04-08）.
[2]
Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements 2nd. Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4.
[3]
Küpper FC, Feiters MC, Meyer-Klaucke W, Kroneck PMH, Butler A (2002) Iodine Accumulation in Laminaria (Phaeophyceae): an Inorganic Antioxidant in a Living System? Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Federation of European Societies of Plant Physiology, Heraklion, Greece, September 2-6, p. 571
[4]
Küpper FC, Schweigert N, Ar Gall E, Legendre J-M, Vilter H, Kloareg B (1998) Iodine uptake in Laminariales involves extracellular, haloperoxidase-mediated oxidation of iodide. Planta 207:163-171
[5]
Ar Gall, E., Küpper, F.C. & Kloareg, B. (2004). A survey of iodine content in Laminaria digitata. Botanica Marina 47: 30-37.
[6]
Küpper FC et al. (2008) Iodide accumulation provides kelp with an inorganic antioxidant impacting atmospheric chemistry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. May 5 . N PMID 18458346
[7]
Venturi S, Donati FM, Venturi A, Venturi M. Environmental iodine deficiency: A challenge to the evolution of terrestrial life? Thyroid. 2000 Aug;10(8):727-9. PMID 11014322
[8]
Venturi S. and Venturi M. “Iodine and Evolution”. DIMI-MARCHE NEWS, Dipartimento Interaziendale di Medicina Interna della Regione Marche (Italy), published on-line, Feb. 8, 2004: http://web.tiscali.it/iodio/ （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
[9]
Venturi S, Donati FM, Venturi A, Venturi M, Grossi L, Guidi A. Role of iodine in evolution and carcinogenesis of thyroid, breast and stomach. Adv Clin Path. 2000 Jan;4(1):11-7. PMID 10936894
[10]
Venturi S, Venturi M. Evolution of Dietary Antioxidant Defences. European EPI-Marker. 2007, 11, 3 :1-12
[11]
Venturi S, Venturi M. Iodide, thyroid and stomach carcinogenesis: evolutionary story of a primitive antioxidant? Eur J Endocrinol. 1999 Apr;140(4):371-2. N PMID 10097259

[1] [1]
Iodide - PubChem Public Chemical Database. The PubChem Project. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. [2020-05-14]. （原始内容存档于2014-04-08）.

[2] [2]
Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements 2nd. Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4.

[3] [3]
Küpper FC, Feiters MC, Meyer-Klaucke W, Kroneck PMH, Butler A (2002) Iodine Accumulation in Laminaria (Phaeophyceae): an Inorganic Antioxidant in a Living System? Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the Federation of European Societies of Plant Physiology, Heraklion, Greece, September 2-6, p. 571

[4] [4]
Küpper FC, Schweigert N, Ar Gall E, Legendre J-M, Vilter H, Kloareg B (1998) Iodine uptake in Laminariales involves extracellular, haloperoxidase-mediated oxidation of iodide. Planta 207:163-171

[5] [5]
Ar Gall, E., Küpper, F.C. & Kloareg, B. (2004). A survey of iodine content in Laminaria digitata. Botanica Marina 47: 30-37.

[6] [6]
Küpper FC et al. (2008) Iodide accumulation provides kelp with an inorganic antioxidant impacting atmospheric chemistry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. May 5 . N PMID 18458346

[7] [7]
Venturi S, Donati FM, Venturi A, Venturi M. Environmental iodine deficiency: A challenge to the evolution of terrestrial life? Thyroid. 2000 Aug;10(8):727-9. PMID 11014322

[8] [8]
Venturi S. and Venturi M. “Iodine and Evolution”. DIMI-MARCHE NEWS, Dipartimento Interaziendale di Medicina Interna della Regione Marche (Italy), published on-line, Feb. 8, 2004: http://web.tiscali.it/iodio/ （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[9] [9]
Venturi S, Donati FM, Venturi A, Venturi M, Grossi L, Guidi A. Role of iodine in evolution and carcinogenesis of thyroid, breast and stomach. Adv Clin Path. 2000 Jan;4(1):11-7. PMID 10936894

[10] [10]
Venturi S, Venturi M. Evolution of Dietary Antioxidant Defences. European EPI-Marker. 2007, 11, 3 :1-12

[11] [11]
Venturi S, Venturi M. Iodide, thyroid and stomach carcinogenesis: evolutionary story of a primitive antioxidant? Eur J Endocrinol. 1999 Apr;140(4):371-2. N PMID 10097259

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