监狱工业复合体

监狱工业复合体（英语：Prison-Industrial Complex，PIC），也称监工复合体，是工业复合体的一种，该词源自1950年代的军工复合体一词，用来描述美国监狱私有化后囚犯人数迅速增加、逐步成为全世界监禁率最高国家的现象，其中私人监狱向政府和企业提供商品和服务以牟取暴利。^{[1] [2]}

常见的监工复合体是签订廉价合同的监狱劳动公司，建筑公司，大规模监视技术供应商，经营监狱食品服务和医疗设施的公司。惩教人员工会，私人训诫（英语：Private probation）公司，律师游说团体代表他们的利益。^[3][4]

美国公民自由联盟认为，与国营监狱相比，私人监狱公司从贫困社区中牟利的程度相当多。纽约时报托马斯·埃德尔（Thomas B.Edsall）指出：监禁服务的商业化程度越高，对穷人的服务成本就越高。^[5]

相关条目

• 工业复合体
  • 军事工业复合体
  • 政治媒体复合体
  • 医药工业复合体

参考资料

1. Selman, Donna; Leighton, Paul. Punishment for Sale: Private Prisons, Big Business, and the Incarceration Binge. Rowman & Littlefield. 2010: 78 [2022-04-13]. ISBN 978-1442201736. （原始内容存档于2022-04-13）.
2. ^ 引用错误：没有为名为:21的参考文献提供内容
3. Harcourt, Bernard (2012). The Illusion of Free Markets: Punishment and the Myth of Natural Order （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0674066162 p. 236
4. Alex Friedmann (15 January 2012). The Societal Impact of the Prison Industrial Complex, or Incarceration for Fun and Profit—Mostly Profit （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Prison Legal News. Retrieved 23 July 2014.
5. Samilton, Tracy (September 29, 2014). "ACLU says "pay or stay" is modern-day version of debtors prisons". Michigan Radio.

延伸阅读

• Ascher, K. The Politics of Privatization: Contracting-Out Public Services. New York: St. Martins, 1987
• Curran, D. J. "Destructuring, Privatization, and the Promise of Juvenile Diversion: Compromising Community-Based Corrections." Crime & Delinquency (v. 34/4, 1988)
• Kassebaum, G. et al. Contracting for Correctional Services in the Community, Volume I. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1978
• Larivee, J. J. "Community Programs, A Risky Business: Community-Based Alternatives for Inmates in Need of Rehabilitation." Corrections Today (v. 55, 1993)
• Lindquist, C. A. "The Private Sector in Corrections: Contracting Probation Services from Community Organizations." Federal Probation (v. 44, 1980)
• Mays, G. & T. Gray. Privatization and the Provision of Correctional Services: Context and Consequences. Cincinnati, OH: Anderson Publishing, 1996.
• National Institute of Corrections. Privatizing Community Supervision (pp. 25–28). Longmont, CO: National Institute of Corrections, 1998
• Office of Juvenile Justice & Delinquency Prevention. Privatizing Juvenile Probation Services: Five Local Experiences. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, 1989
• Oldfield, M. "Talking Quality, Meaning McDonalds, the Market and the Probation Service." Probation Journal (v. 41/4, 1994)

外部链接

• Meet the Prison Profiteers. They're Worse than You Think （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） from the American Civil Liberties Union